How cell parts work together to make and ship a protein
Grade 9 Science Worksheet - Challenge Me
Circle the best answer.
Read this first
Use the table
Cell cutaway (animal cell, model, not to scale). Letter A marks the rough ER (the flat folded sacs studded with tiny dots, joined to the wall of the large round body). Letter B marks the transport vesicle (a small bubble between the dotted sacs and the stack of curved smooth sacs). Letter C marks the Golgi apparatus (the stack of curved smooth sacs, away from the dotted sacs). Route in order: nucleus, nuclear pore, rough ER, transport vesicle, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicle, plasma membrane. Pulse-chase card, read about only. Where most of the label is found (model data)
cell at 20 minutes at 60 minutes normal cell Golgi apparatus outside the cell changed cell transport vesicles transport vesicles Ari sees that in the changed cell one job fails. Use the cutaway and the card. Which job fails?
- The nucleus is not building the protein, so no label moves on
- The Golgi apparatus is not building the protein from amino acids
- Vesicles are not delivering protein from the rough ER to the Golgi
- Secretory vesicles are not fusing with the plasma membrane at the cell edge
Bo follows proteins M and K, which travel the same route. What does the card show about the end of it?
- K is built in the Golgi apparatus, which is why it joins the membrane
- Both leave the Golgi in vesicles; M is released and K joins the membrane
- The vesicle carrying K stays fixed at the cell edge as a permanent part of the cell
- K skips the Golgi and uses no vesicle to reach the membrane
Esme compares three gland cells with the route in the cutaway. Which statement does the card support?
- More rough ER and Golgi go with more release, as the route uses both
- Release depends on the Golgi apparatus, since the Golgi builds the protein
- Release depends on the rough ER, since each part does its job on its own
- Release is highest in Z, since Z has the most rough ER
Jun sees no label outside the cell at 20 minutes, though the protein was made by 5 minutes. Why does this fit the route?
- The protein is still on its way, passing several parts before release
- The rough ER works alone, so it needs 60 minutes to send it out
- The nucleus holds the finished protein until 60 minutes, then releases it
- A vesicle is a fixed part that stores the protein until 60 minutes
Notebook route (not to scale), five lines
Line 1 the nucleus (A), line 2 the Golgi apparatus (B), line 3 the rough ER (C), line 4 a secretory vesicle (D), line 5 the plasma membrane (E). Letter A marks the large round body near the middle, with a double wall. Letter B marks the stack of curved smooth sacs, away from the dotted sacs. Letter C marks the flat folded sacs studded with tiny dots, joined to the wall of the large round body. Letter D marks a small bubble between the stack of curved sacs and the cell edge. Letter E marks the thin outer boundary of the cell.
Milo's notebook lists the route of a protein that leaves the cell. Which line has a flaw, and why?
- Lines 2 and 3 are swapped: the rough ER builds the protein before the Golgi
- Line 4 is wrong: a vesicle is a fixed part, so it cannot sit between two stops
- Line 1 is wrong: the nucleus builds the protein, so the rough ER is not needed
- Line 2 is right: the Golgi builds the protein, so it comes before the rough ER
Use the table
Pulse-chase card, read about only. Where the label was found (model data)
minutes after labeling most label found in 5 rough ER 25 Golgi apparatus Noah's class saw label in the Golgi apparatus at 25 minutes and concluded the Golgi built the protein. What is the flaw?
- The label was in the rough ER first, so the protein reached the Golgi already built
- No flaw: label found in a part shows that part built the protein
- The label should have been in the nucleus first, since the nucleus builds proteins
- The Golgi cannot be tested, since each part works alone
Rough ER counted in one slice of each cell (model data)
cell rough ER sacs gland cell 44 muscle cell 10 Pia's class counted rough ER in one gland cell and one muscle cell, then said every gland cell has more. Which flaw is in the conclusion?
- Rough ER cannot be counted, because it is too small to see
- The counts do not matter, because each part works alone and the cell type cannot change them
- The nucleus was not counted, and the nucleus builds the proteins
- Only one cell of each type was counted, so more cells are needed
Cell cutaway (animal cell, model, not to scale). Ren says a protein released from the cell was first built by a free ribosome floating in the cytoplasm. Which response fits?
- Disagree: the Golgi apparatus builds the secretory proteins
- Agree: free ribosomes build them, then the Golgi ships them
- Disagree: the nucleus builds the secretory proteins
- Disagree: ribosomes on the rough ER make secretory proteins
Tala says the Golgi apparatus could still pack proteins for release if the rough ER stopped making them. Which response is best?
- Disagree: the vesicles are fixed parts that would keep delivering protein
- Disagree: the Golgi packages proteins that arrive from the rough ER
- Agree: the Golgi apparatus builds its own proteins to pack
- Agree: each part works alone, so the Golgi needs no protein from the rough ER
Cell cutaway (plant cell, model, not to scale). Zee says a leaf cell has chloroplasts (A), so its mitochondria (B) are not needed. Which response fits?
- Disagree: mitochondria use the chloroplasts’ sugar to provide ATP
- Disagree: mitochondria make the sugar that chloroplasts use
- Agree: plant cells have no mitochondria
- Agree: the chloroplast works alone and supplies the cell’s energy by itself