Traits controlled by many genes, and their bell-shaped spread
Grade 9 Science Worksheet - Building Confidence

Circle the best answer.
Ari reads a bar graph of bean seed masses. How many seeds have a mass of 430 mg?
- 17 seeds
- 22 seeds
- 3 seeds
- 9 seeds
Bo reads a bar graph for a second lot of bean seeds. Which mass has the most seeds?
Bean seed mass in a second lot, 80 seeds rounded to the nearest 10 mg (model data). Comparison chart, columns: Mass (mg) | Seeds. Row 1: 500 | 2. Row 2: 510 | 7. Row 3: 520 | 15. Row 4: 530 | 24. Row 5: 540 | 19. Row 6: 550 | 10. Row 7: 560 | 3. Bar graph: x axis Mass (mg); y axis Seeds, ticks every 5 from 0 to 25. Bars: 500 2; 510 7; 520 15; 530 24; 540 19; 550 10; 560 3. Bean seed mass in a second lot, 80 seeds rounded to the nearest 10 mg (model data). Comparison chart, columns: Mass (mg) | Seeds. Row 1: 500 | 2. Row 2: 510 | 7. Row 3: 520 | 15. Row 4: 530 | 24. Row 5: 540 | 19. Row 6: 550 | 10. Row 7: 560 | 3. Bar graph: x axis Mass (mg); y axis Seeds, ticks every 5 from 0 to 25. Bars: 500 2; 510 7; 520 15; 530 24; 540 19; 550 10; 560 3. Comparison chart Bean seed mass in a second lot, 80 seeds rounded to the nearest 10 mg (model data). Mass (mg) Seeds Row 1: 500 2 Row 2: 510 7 Row 3: 520 15 Row 4: 530 24 Row 5: 540 19 Row 6: 550 10 Row 7: 560 3 Bar graph 0 5 10 15 20 25 2 500 7 510 15 520 24 530 19 540 10 550 3 560 Mass (mg) Seeds - 530 mg
- 540 mg
- 24 seeds, the height of the tallest bar
- 500 mg, the lightest class
Punnett square, 4 by 4, for a model wheat kernel color (model data). Gene A and gene B each have a dark allele (capital letter) and a light allele (small letter). Each dark allele adds 1 unit of color and each light allele adds 0 units. Top parent passes on: AB, Ab, aB, ab. Side parent passes on: AB, Ab, aB, ab. Row 1 (side AB): AABB, AABb, AaBB, AaBb. Row 2 (side Ab): AABb, AAbb, AaBb, Aabb. Row 3 (side aB): AaBB, AaBb, aaBB, aaBb. Row 4 (side ab): AaBb, Aabb, aaBb, aabb. Punnett square, 4 by 4, for a model wheat kernel color (model data). Gene A and gene B each have a dark allele (capital letter) and a light allele (small letter). Each dark allele adds 1 unit of color and each light allele adds 0 units. Top parent passes on: AB, Ab, aB, ab. Side parent passes on: AB, Ab, aB, ab. Row 1 (side AB): AABB, AABb, AaBB, AaBb. Row 2 (side Ab): AABb, AAbb, AaBb, Aabb. Row 3 (side aB): AaBB, AaBb, aaBB, aaBb. Row 4 (side ab): AaBb, Aabb, aaBb, aabb. Model wheat kernel color: 4 by 4 Punnett square Top parent AB Top parent Ab Top parent aB Top parent ab Row 1: Side parent AB AABB AABb AaBB AaBb Row 2: Side parent Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb Row 3: Side parent aB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBb Row 4: Side parent ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb Gene A and gene B: capital letter is a dark allele (1 unit); small letter is a light allele (0 units). Jun reads the filled square for a model wheat cross, AaBb × AaBb. How many of the 16 boxes hold exactly 2 dark alleles?
- 1 box, like a corner box
- 4 boxes
- 8 boxes
- 6 boxes
Kira reads the same square. How many of the 16 boxes hold exactly 4 dark alleles?
Use the picture in question 3.
- 16 boxes
- 4 boxes
- 1 box
- 6 boxes
Luz reads the same square again. How many of the 16 boxes hold exactly 1 dark allele?
Use the picture in question 3.
- 2 boxes, one for each genotype
- 4 boxes
- 6 boxes
- 1 box, like the corner boxes
Read this first
Wheat kernel color, 16 equally likely offspring (model data)
dark alleles offspring 0 1 1 4 2 ? 3 4 4 1 Milo reads a count table for a model wheat cross, AaBb × AaBb. What number goes in the blank?
- 4 offspring
- 1 offspring
- 6 offspring
- 8 offspring
Wheat kernel color, 64 equally likely offspring (model data)
dark alleles offspring 0 1 1 6 2 15 3 ? 4 15 5 6 6 1 Noah reads a count table for a model wheat cross with 3 genes. What number goes in the blank?
- 30 offspring
- 1 offspring
- 15 offspring
- 20 offspring
Pia reads a second count table for the model wheat cross with 3 genes. What number goes in the blank?
- 15 offspring
- 20 offspring
- 1 offspring
- 6 offspring
Trait card (model data)
trait classes gaps between classes bean seed mass 7 none Tala reads a trait card for bean seed mass. Which choice names this kind of variation?
- Discontinuous variation: two or very few clear groups
- Soil variation: the soil alone sets the mass
- Blended variation: offspring mix the traits of two parents
- Continuous variation: many small steps with no clear groups
Use this
Counts of offspring by dark alleles (model data). Columns: dark alleles | table P (of 4) | table Q (of 16). Row 1: 0 | 1 | 1. Row 2: 1 | 2 | 4. Row 3: 2 | 1 | 6. Row 4: 3 | - | 4. Row 5: 4 | - | 1.
Zee compares two count tables. One comes from a cross with 1 gene and one from a cross with 2 genes. Which choice names the 2-gene table?
- Table Q, since 5 classes need 2 genes
- Table Q, since 16 offspring means 16 classes
- Table P, since 3 classes are enough for 2 genes
- Table P, since a trait is controlled by one gene