Translation: read a codon table to build a protein

Grade 9 Science Worksheet

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Use this

   mRNA (model, not to scale), 5′ to 3′, cut into codons: AUG UUU UUC GGA UAG. Table excerpt of the standard genetic code: AUG, methionine; UUU, phenylalanine; UUC, phenylalanine; UUA, leucine; GGA, glycine; UAG, stop.

2. 1.

   Jun translates a cut mRNA with the table excerpt. Which chain of amino acids does it build?

   • methionine, phenylalanine, phenylalanine, glycine
   • methionine, phenylalanine, glycine
   • methionine, phenylalanine, leucine, glycine
   • methionine, phenylalanine, phenylalanine, glycine, stop

3. Use this

   mRNA (model, not to scale), 5′ to 3′, 18 bases, not cut: GCCAUGCCAGUCAAGUGA. Table excerpt of the standard genetic code: GCC, alanine; AUG, methionine; CCA, proline; GUC, valine; AAG, lysine; UGA, stop.

4. 2.

   Kira translates this mRNA with the table excerpt. The ribosome begins at the first AUG. Which amino acid comes third in the chain?

   • methionine, the amino acid for AUG
   • valine, the amino acid for GUC
   • proline, counting GCC as the first codon
   • lysine, the amino acid for AAG

5. Use this

   mRNA (model, not to scale), 5′ to 3′, 20 bases, not cut: GCCAUGGAUACCUGCUAAGU. Table excerpt of the standard genetic code: GCC, alanine; AUG, methionine; GAU, aspartic acid; GAA, glutamic acid; ACC, threonine; UGC, cysteine; UAA, stop.

6. 3.

   Luz translates this mRNA with the table excerpt. The ribosome begins at the first AUG. Which chain does it build?

   • methionine, aspartic acid, threonine, cysteine, stop
   • methionine, glutamic acid, threonine, cysteine
   • methionine, aspartic acid, threonine, cysteine
   • alanine, methionine, aspartic acid, threonine, cysteine

7. Parts card (model data)

   part of the mRNA	bases
   before AUG	6
   from AUG to the end of the stop codon	42
   after the stop codon	9

8. 4.

   Noah reads a parts card for a model mRNA. The ribosome begins at AUG and ends at the stop codon. How many amino acids are in the chain?

   • 14 amino acids, one for each of the 14 codons
   • 21 amino acids, one for each pair of bases
   • 19 amino acids, from the 57 bases of the whole mRNA
   • 13 amino acids: 14 codons less the stop

9. Chain card (model data)

   item	amount
   amino acids in the chain	8

10. 5.

    Pia's model mRNA builds a chain of 8 amino acids. How many bases run from AUG to the end of the stop codon?

    • 24 bases, one codon for each of the 8 amino acids
    • 16 bases, two bases for each amino acid
    • 27 bases: 8 amino acid codons and a stop codon
    • 8 bases, one base for each amino acid

11. Use this

    Two mRNAs (model, not to scale), 5′ to 3′, cut into codons. Message P: AUG UUU GGC UAA. Message Q: AUG UUC GGC UAA. Table excerpt of the standard genetic code: AUG, methionine; UUU, phenylalanine; UUC, phenylalanine; GGC, glycine; UAA, stop.

12. 6.

    Ren compares two model mRNAs, P and Q, with the table excerpt. Which statement is true about the chains they build?

    • Different chains, because different codons add different amino acids
    • Different chains, because Q is missing a codon
    • The same chain, because both messages have four codons
    • The same chain, because UUU and UUC both code for phenylalanine

13. Ten codons from the excerpt (model strand, not to scale), 5′ to 3′

    UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC AAA AAG UGG AUG. Table excerpt of the standard genetic code: UCU, serine; UCC, serine; UCA, serine; UCG, serine; AGU, serine; AGC, serine; AAA, lysine; AAG, lysine; UGG, tryptophan; AUG, methionine.

14. 7.

    Tala reads a table excerpt of the genetic code. How many different codons in it code for serine?

    • 4 codons, counting the ones that start UC
    • 1 codon, since each amino acid has one
    • 6 codons, in two groups
    • 2 codons, counting the ones that start AG

15. Fact card (textbook facts)

    item	number
    combinations of two bases	16
    combinations of three bases	64
    amino acids in proteins	20

16. 8.

    Zee reads a fact card about the genetic code. Which statement shows that a codon cannot be two bases long?

    • Two bases give 64 combinations, more than the 20 amino acids
    • Two bases are enough, since 16 combinations come close to 20
    • Three bases give only 16 combinations, fewer than the 20 amino acids
    • Two bases give only 16 combinations, fewer than the 20 amino acids

17. Use this

    mRNA (model, not to scale), 5′ to 3′, cut into codons: AUG GCC UGG UAA. Each anticodon is written 3′ to 5′ under its codon.

18. 9.

    Ari lists the tRNA anticodons for the codons before the stop codon. Which list is right, in order?

    • TAC, CGG, ACC
    • AUG, GCC, UGG
    • UAC, CGG, ACC, AUU
    • UAC, CGG, ACC

19. Use this

    mRNA (model, not to scale), 5′ to 3′, cut into codons: AUG CCU UGA GGA. Table excerpt of the standard genetic code: AUG, methionine; CCU, proline; UGA, stop; GGA, glycine.

20. 10.

    Esme follows the ribosome to the stop codon UGA. Which anticodon does a matching tRNA carry?

    • ACU, because each base pairs with its partner
    • None, because no tRNA pairs with a stop codon
    • UGA, because the anticodon copies the codon
    • AUG, because a stop codon uses the start tRNA