How fuels and minerals formed, and why they are where they are
Grade 9 Science Worksheet - Building Confidence
Circle the best answer.
Read this first
Table, How resources form (USGS, EIA), with columns Resource, Starts as, Forms where
Coal, swamp plants (peat), buried swamps; oil, tiny sea life such as diatoms, buried sea-floor sediments; natural gas, buried plant and animal remains, with oil, in shale pores, in coal beds; porphyry copper, fluids from cooling magma, arcs above subduction zones.
What does crude oil mostly form from, by Bo's reading (EIA)?
- Molten rock deep underground
- Remains of tiny sea plants and animals, such as diatoms
- Rainwater soaking into sand
- Swamp trees buried as peat
How long does coal take to form, by Kira's reading (EIA)?
- A few hundred centuries
- Millions of years
- A few years
- A single season
Coal ranks (EIA)
Rank Carbon lignite 25% to 35% subbituminous 35% to 45% bituminous 45% to 86% anthracite 86% to 97% Which rank of coal holds the most carbon, by Jun's reading (USGS, EIA)?
- Anthracite
- Peat
- Subbituminous
- Lignite
What turns peat into higher ranks of coal, by Luz's reading (USGS)?
- Increasing heat and pressure from burial
- Drying in the sun
- Slow erosion by rivers across the land surface
- Freezing
About what share of lignite is carbon, by Milo's reading (EIA)?
- About 25% to 35%
- About 100%, pure carbon
- About 45% to 86%
- About 86% to 97%
Use this
A rock cross-section with oil in sandstone pores.
Where can natural gas collect, by Pia's reading (EIA)?
- In cracks between rock layers, shale pores, with oil and in coal beds
- In ice sheets
- In the air above swamps, by itself
- Inside granite with no pores
What is shale gas, by Ren's reading (EIA)?
- Natural gas held in tiny pores within shale
- Gas from volcanoes
- Gas collected in large open caves under the ground
- Gas made in the last year
Use this
A volcanic arc above a subduction zone with ore below.
Where do porphyry copper deposits form, by Tala's reading (USGS)?
- In the middle of stable continents, far from plates
- In volcanic arcs above subduction zones
- On flat abyssal plains
- In coal swamps
What carries the copper that forms porphyry deposits, by Zee's reading (USGS)?
- Wind-blown dust
- Hot fluids released from cooling magma
- Tiny sea organisms that soak up the copper
- Rainwater dissolving swamp plants
Why are many copper ores found near plate boundaries, by Esme's reading (USGS)?
- Boundaries are too cold for magma
- Plate boundaries are where swamps grow
- Ores fall from space there
- Subduction feeds magma that releases metal-rich fluids