How fuels and minerals formed, and why they are where they are
Grade 9 Science Worksheet - Building Confidence
Circle the best answer.
Read this first
Table, How resources form (USGS, EIA), with columns Resource, Starts as, Forms where
Coal, swamp plants (peat), buried swamps; oil, tiny sea life such as diatoms, buried sea-floor sediments; natural gas, buried plant and animal remains, with oil, in shale pores, in coal beds; porphyry copper, fluids from cooling magma, arcs above subduction zones.
What does coal form from, by Ari's reading (USGS)?
- Dinosaur bones
- Tiny sea organisms such as diatoms and floating algae
- Volcanic ash
- Peat made of plant matter from ancient swamps
What does crude oil mostly form from, by Bo's reading (EIA)?
- Rainwater soaking into sand
- Remains of tiny sea plants and animals, such as diatoms
- Molten rock deep underground
- Swamp trees buried as peat
How long does coal take to form, by Kira's reading (EIA)?
- Millions of years
- A single season
- A few years
- A few hundred centuries
Coal ranks (EIA)
Rank Carbon lignite 25% to 35% subbituminous 35% to 45% bituminous 45% to 86% anthracite 86% to 97% Which rank of coal holds the most carbon, by Jun's reading (USGS, EIA)?
- Peat
- Subbituminous
- Lignite
- Anthracite
What turns peat into higher ranks of coal, by Luz's reading (USGS)?
- Drying in the sun
- Freezing
- Slow erosion by rivers across the land surface
- Increasing heat and pressure from burial
Use this
A rock cross-section with oil in sandstone pores.
Where is crude oil found underground, by Noah's reading (EIA)?
- Inside hot magma chambers
- In the cores of granite mountains
- In tiny spaces in sedimentary rock and in reservoirs
- Floating in the upper mantle
Where can natural gas collect, by Pia's reading (EIA)?
- Inside granite with no pores
- In ice sheets
- In the air above swamps, by itself
- In cracks between rock layers, shale pores, with oil and in coal beds
What is shale gas, by Ren's reading (EIA)?
- Gas collected in large open caves under the ground
- Gas from volcanoes
- Gas made in the last year
- Natural gas held in tiny pores within shale
Use this
A volcanic arc above a subduction zone with ore below.
Where do porphyry copper deposits form, by Tala's reading (USGS)?
- In coal swamps
- On flat abyssal plains
- In the middle of stable continents, far from plates
- In volcanic arcs above subduction zones
Why are many copper ores found near plate boundaries, by Esme's reading (USGS)?
- Boundaries are too cold for magma
- Plate boundaries are where swamps grow
- Subduction feeds magma that releases metal-rich fluids
- Ores fall from space there