Redshift and the expanding universe

Grade 9 Science Worksheet

Circle the best answer.

1. 1.

   A galaxy's hydrogen line (656.3 nm in the lab) is seen at 662.9 nm. Using speed ≈ z × 300,000 km/s, about how fast is it receding, by Bo's math?

   • About 6.6 km/s
   • About 1,980,000 km/s
   • About 3,000 km/s toward us
   • About 3,000 km/s
2. 2.

   A galaxy's hydrogen line at 486.1 nm in the lab is seen at 491.0 nm. About what is z, by Esme's math?

   • About 4.9
   • About 0.10
   • About −0.010, a blueshift
   • About 0.010

3. Read this first

   Galaxies (model data)

   Galaxy	Distance (Mpc)	Speed away (km/s)
   P	20	1,400
   Q	50	3,500
   R	100	7,000
   S	200	14,000

4. 3.

   Using the table, about how fast is galaxy S (200 Mpc) moving compared with galaxy R (100 Mpc), by Kira's reading?

   • About twice as fast
   • The same speed, since everything stretches equally
   • About 100 times as fast
   • About half as fast
5. 4.

   Speed = H0 × distance; H0 about 67 to 73 km/s/Mpc; distance 100 Mpc. Sources put H0 at about 67 to 73 km/s/Mpc. A galaxy is 100 Mpc away. In what range is its speed, by Luz's math?

   • About 67,000 to 73,000 km/s
   • About 67 to 73 km/s
   • About 6,700 to 7,300 km/s
   • About 0.67 to 0.73 km/s
6. 5.

   Distance = speed ÷ H0; speed 7,000 km/s; H0 about 67 to 73 km/s/Mpc. A galaxy recedes at 7,000 km/s. With H0 about 67 to 73 km/s/Mpc, about how far away is it, by Milo's math?

   • About 100 Mpc (96 to 104 across the range)
   • About 10 Mpc
   • About 1,000 Mpc
   • About 490,000 Mpc
7. 6.

   Why do distant galaxies all appear to rush away from us, by Noah's reading?

   • They were thrown out from our galaxy
   • Space itself is stretching between the galaxies
   • They are falling toward a central point
   • Their light is turning red as they age

8. Stretching sheet model

   Pair	Before (cm)	After (cm)
   near pair	1	2
   far pair	3	6

9. 7.

   On a stretching sheet, dots 1 cm apart become 2 cm apart, and dots 3 cm apart become 6 cm apart, in the same time. What does this model show, by Pia's reading?

   • Each pair separates equally
   • Nearer dots separate faster
   • The dots move from one central dot
   • Farther dots separate faster, as in Hubble's law
10. 8.

    Galaxies in a nearby cluster stay together while distant clusters move apart. Why, by Ren's reading?

    • The cluster is at the center of the universe
    • The cluster is moving toward us
    • Everything expands, but too slowly to see
    • Gravity holds the cluster together

11. Galaxies (model data)

    Galaxy	Distance (Mpc)	Speed away (km/s)
    P	20	1,400
    Q	50	3,500
    R	100	7,000
    S	200	14,000

12. 9.

    Hubble published the link between galaxy distance and speed in 1929. Which observation supported it, by Tala's reading?

    • Farther galaxies looked redder in color
    • Farther galaxies showed larger blueshifts
    • Nearer galaxies showed larger redshifts
    • Farther galaxies showed larger redshifts
13. 10.

    What is the slope of the table's speed-against-distance line, by Ari's math?

    • 0.014 Mpc per km/s
    • −70 km/s/Mpc
    • 70 km/s/Mpc
    • 7,000 km/s