Link the parts with varied transitions and syntax
Grade 11 Reading Worksheet - Challenge Me
Circle the best answer.
Read this first
What the Salt Truck Leaves Behind (feature draft for a science magazine, about road salt)
[1] Every winter, road crews across the northern United States spread millions of tons of salt on pavement, and drivers who skid less on a January morning rarely think about where that salt goes next. [2] Crews should use salt more sparingly than they do, because the chemistry that clears ice also carries chloride into streams, and the cost to freshwater life grows with every ton spread beyond what safety requires.
[3] Salt works because dissolved ions lower the temperature at which water freezes, so a thin layer of brine can stay liquid on pavement well below thirty-two degrees. [4] The effect has limits: below about fifteen degrees Fahrenheit, ordinary rock salt melts ice too slowly to help, and crews often spread more of it anyway, in the hope that a heavier load will make up the difference. [5] Therefore, this fails, because salt cannot dissolve in water that is already too cold to take it up.
(A) ______
[6] Chloride is not broken down by sunlight, trapped by most soils or taken up by plants in any quantity, so it travels with meltwater until it reaches a ditch, a pond or the groundwater beneath a parking lot. [7] Researchers who have surveyed streams beside heavily salted roads have found fewer water fleas and insect larvae where the chloride runs high, and those small animals are the food on which young fish depend. [8] Because chloride dissolves completely, it passes through soil that would hold back other pollutants. [9] The damage accumulates over many winters, so that a stream that looks healthy in March can be missing much of its small life by the end of summer.
(B) ______
[10] Nevertheless, they spread a brine on the pavement before a storm, and it keeps the ice from bonding to the road. [11] Brine is salt already dissolved in water, so it begins working at once, and a smaller amount covers the same stretch of road. [12] Although the tanks and spray bars cost money to install, the savings in salt repay that cost within a few winters. [13] Crews that also calibrate their spreaders, so that each truck puts down the same measured amount on every mile, have cut their use of salt further. [14] The aim is not to abandon salt but to spend it where safety requires, since the chloride that is never spread is chloride that never reaches a stream.
Bo writes the sentence for gap (A), which opens section 3. It must tie back to the claim in sentence 2, pick up sentence 5 and keep the draft's term “chloride.” Which sentence does all three?
- Crews should use salt more sparingly than they do, because chloride carries a cost to freshwater life downstream of salted roads.
- The extra salt that cannot dissolve does not disappear: it washes off as a dissolved mineral, and that is why spreading beyond what safety requires has a cost.
- Salt that cannot dissolve in water already too cold to take it up simply stays on the pavement, as sentence 5 explains.
- The extra salt that cannot dissolve does not disappear: it washes off as chloride, and that is why spreading beyond what safety requires has a cost.
Ren finds two slips in sentence 5 of “What the Salt Truck Leaves Behind”: a link that fits nothing and a pointing word with no clear target. Which revision fixes both and keeps every fact?
- Yet this fails, because salt cannot dissolve in water that is already too cold to take it up.
- Yet the heavier load fails, because salt dissolves slowly in water that is already too cold to take it up.
- Yet the heavier load fails, because salt cannot dissolve in water that is already too cold to take it up.
- Therefore, the heavier load fails, because salt cannot dissolve in water that is already too cold to take it up.
What the Salt Truck Leaves Behind (feature draft for a science magazine, about road salt)
[1] Every winter, road crews across the northern United States spread millions of tons of salt on pavement, and drivers who skid less on a January morning rarely think about where that salt goes next. [2] Crews should use salt more sparingly than they do, because the chemistry that clears ice also carries chloride into streams, and the cost to freshwater life grows with every ton spread beyond what safety requires.
[3] Salt works because dissolved ions lower the temperature at which water freezes, so a thin layer of brine can stay liquid on pavement well below thirty-two degrees. [4] The effect has limits: below about fifteen degrees Fahrenheit, ordinary rock salt melts ice too slowly to help, and crews often spread more of it anyway, in the hope that a heavier load will make up the difference. [5] Therefore, this fails, because salt cannot dissolve in water that is already too cold to take it up.
(A) ______
[6] Chloride is not broken down by sunlight, trapped by most soils or taken up by plants in any quantity, so it travels with meltwater until it reaches a ditch, a pond or the groundwater beneath a parking lot. [7] Researchers who have surveyed streams beside heavily salted roads have found fewer water fleas and insect larvae where the chloride runs high, and those small animals are the food on which young fish depend. [8] Because chloride dissolves completely, it passes through soil that would hold back other pollutants. [9] The damage accumulates over many winters, so that a stream that looks healthy in March can be missing much of its small life by the end of summer.
(B) ______
[10] Nevertheless, they spread a brine on the pavement before a storm, and it keeps the ice from bonding to the road. [11] Brine is salt already dissolved in water, so it begins working at once, and a smaller amount covers the same stretch of road. [12] Although the tanks and spray bars cost money to install, the savings in salt repay that cost within a few winters. [13] Crews that also calibrate their spreaders, so that each truck puts down the same measured amount on every mile, have cut their use of salt further. [14] The aim is not to abandon salt but to spend it where safety requires, since the chloride that is never spread is chloride that never reaches a stream.
Earlier version of sentence 8: “Chloride dissolves completely. It passes through soil that would hold back other pollutants.”
Milo compares sentence 8 of “What the Salt Truck Leaves Behind” with the earlier version printed below the draft. Which margin note is right?
- Reword; subordinate clause; the reader sees that chloride passes through soil faster than other pollutants do
- Reword; subordinate clause; the reader sees the surveys of sentence 7 as the reason chloride passes through soil
- Move; subordinate clause; the reader sees complete dissolving as the reason chloride passes through soil
- Reword; subordinate clause; the reader sees complete dissolving as the reason chloride passes through soil
What the Salt Truck Leaves Behind (feature draft for a science magazine, about road salt)
[1] Every winter, road crews across the northern United States spread millions of tons of salt on pavement, and drivers who skid less on a January morning rarely think about where that salt goes next. [2] Crews should use salt more sparingly than they do, because the chemistry that clears ice also carries chloride into streams, and the cost to freshwater life grows with every ton spread beyond what safety requires.
[3] Salt works because dissolved ions lower the temperature at which water freezes, so a thin layer of brine can stay liquid on pavement well below thirty-two degrees. [4] The effect has limits: below about fifteen degrees Fahrenheit, ordinary rock salt melts ice too slowly to help, and crews often spread more of it anyway, in the hope that a heavier load will make up the difference. [5] Therefore, this fails, because salt cannot dissolve in water that is already too cold to take it up.
(A) ______
[6] Chloride is not broken down by sunlight, trapped by most soils or taken up by plants in any quantity, so it travels with meltwater until it reaches a ditch, a pond or the groundwater beneath a parking lot. [7] Researchers who have surveyed streams beside heavily salted roads have found fewer water fleas and insect larvae where the chloride runs high, and those small animals are the food on which young fish depend. [8] Because chloride dissolves completely, it passes through soil that would hold back other pollutants. [9] The damage accumulates over many winters, so that a stream that looks healthy in March can be missing much of its small life by the end of summer.
(B) ______
[10] Nevertheless, they spread a brine on the pavement before a storm, and it keeps the ice from bonding to the road. [11] Brine is salt already dissolved in water, so it begins working at once, and a smaller amount covers the same stretch of road. [12] Although the tanks and spray bars cost money to install, the savings in salt repay that cost within a few winters. [13] Crews that also calibrate their spreaders, so that each truck puts down the same measured amount on every mile, have cut their use of salt further. [14] The aim is not to abandon salt but to spend it where safety requires, since the chloride that is never spread is chloride that never reaches a stream.
Noah writes the sentence for gap (B), which opens section 4. It must tie back to the claim in sentence 2, pick up the slow damage in sentence 9 and keep the draft's term “chloride.” Which sentence does all three?
- Winter driving is safer today than it was fifty years ago, in part because plows and spreaders are faster and more reliable.
- Because the damage builds winter after winter, any ton of salt that safety does not require is chloride that crews can keep out of streams.
- Salt should be spread more sparingly than it is, since chloride in streams harms the freshwater life that depends on them.
- Because the damage builds winter after winter, any ton of salt that safety does not require is runoff that crews can keep out of streams.
Tala finds two slips in sentence 10 of “What the Salt Truck Leaves Behind”: a link that gives the wrong relation and a pointing word with no clear target. Which revision fixes both and keeps every fact?
- For example, some crews spread a brine on the pavement before a storm, and the brine keeps the ice from bonding to the road.
- Nevertheless, some crews spread a brine on the pavement before a storm, and the brine keeps the ice from bonding to the road.
- For example, they spread a brine on the pavement before a storm, and it keeps the ice from bonding to the road.
- For example, some crews spread a brine on the pavement after the first snow, and the brine keeps the ice from bonding to the road.
What the Salt Truck Leaves Behind (feature draft for a science magazine, about road salt)
[1] Every winter, road crews across the northern United States spread millions of tons of salt on pavement, and drivers who skid less on a January morning rarely think about where that salt goes next. [2] Crews should use salt more sparingly than they do, because the chemistry that clears ice also carries chloride into streams, and the cost to freshwater life grows with every ton spread beyond what safety requires.
[3] Salt works because dissolved ions lower the temperature at which water freezes, so a thin layer of brine can stay liquid on pavement well below thirty-two degrees. [4] The effect has limits: below about fifteen degrees Fahrenheit, ordinary rock salt melts ice too slowly to help, and crews often spread more of it anyway, in the hope that a heavier load will make up the difference. [5] Therefore, this fails, because salt cannot dissolve in water that is already too cold to take it up.
(A) ______
[6] Chloride is not broken down by sunlight, trapped by most soils or taken up by plants in any quantity, so it travels with meltwater until it reaches a ditch, a pond or the groundwater beneath a parking lot. [7] Researchers who have surveyed streams beside heavily salted roads have found fewer water fleas and insect larvae where the chloride runs high, and those small animals are the food on which young fish depend. [8] Because chloride dissolves completely, it passes through soil that would hold back other pollutants. [9] The damage accumulates over many winters, so that a stream that looks healthy in March can be missing much of its small life by the end of summer.
(B) ______
[10] Nevertheless, they spread a brine on the pavement before a storm, and it keeps the ice from bonding to the road. [11] Brine is salt already dissolved in water, so it begins working at once, and a smaller amount covers the same stretch of road. [12] Although the tanks and spray bars cost money to install, the savings in salt repay that cost within a few winters. [13] Crews that also calibrate their spreaders, so that each truck puts down the same measured amount on every mile, have cut their use of salt further. [14] The aim is not to abandon salt but to spend it where safety requires, since the chloride that is never spread is chloride that never reaches a stream.
Earlier version of sentence 12: “The tanks and spray bars cost money to install. The savings in salt repay that cost within a few winters.”
Jun compares sentence 12 of “What the Salt Truck Leaves Behind” with the earlier version printed below the draft. Which margin note is right?
- Reword; subordinate clause; the reader sees the installation cost linked to the stream damage described in sentence 9
- Reword; relative clause; the reader sees the installation cost admitted and the salt savings set against it
- Reword; subordinate clause; the reader sees the installation cost admitted and the salt savings set against it
- Reword; subordinate clause; the reader sees that the tanks cost more to install because they save salt later
Use this
Seven Hours Is Not Enough (argument draft to an invented school board, about an invented high school): [1] At Harlan High School the first bell rings at 7:25, a time set decades ago to fit the bus routes and kept ever since because no one has been asked to defend it. [2] The school board should move the first bell to 8:30, because a later start would give students sleep that their bodies cannot make up on weekends and would cost less than the board assumes.
[3] Teenagers do not stay up late out of stubbornness. [4] During puberty the body's internal clock shifts, so that a sixteen-year-old who feels tired at ten o'clock is unusual, and most teenagers are not sleepy until well after eleven. [5] Nevertheless, this means that a student who must wake at 6:00 has slept, at most, seven hours, and many students wake even earlier.
(A) ______
[6] A study of two Seattle high schools that moved their first bell from 7:50 to 8:45 found that students slept about thirty-four minutes longer each night. [7] Their grades rose, and fewer students arrived late to first period. [8] Because students are rested, teachers in schools that have made the change commonly report fewer of them asleep in first period. [9] Districts that have moved their bells say that the hardest part was not the students but the buses.
(B) ______
[10] Moreover, they can often be solved without buying new buses, because many districts stagger their routes so that one bus serves the high school and an elementary school in turn. [11] In Harlan, the transportation office has confirmed that the elementary routes already end by 8:15, which would free the same buses for a high school run that begins at 8:00. [12] Although afternoon practices would end later, the sports schedule would need only small changes, because most games already begin after dark. [13] Students who sleep more are also less likely to be injured in practice, a benefit that no bus schedule can offer. [14] A later start will ask something of the district, but what it asks is arrangement, and what it gives is sleep that students cannot recover on a weekend.
Bo writes the sentence for gap (A), which opens section 3. It must tie back to the claim in sentence 2, pick up the seven hours of sentence 5 and keep the draft's term “later start.” Which sentence does all three?
- Seven hours in bed falls short of the eight to ten hours that pediatricians recommend for teenagers, and many students sleep fewer.
- The school board should move the first bell to 8:30 and give students a later start that their bodies need on weekdays.
- A later start gives back the hours that those seven leave out, without asking a single student to go to bed earlier than the body allows.
- Students who begin the day well rested also tend to eat a fuller breakfast, which improves their concentration through the morning.
Use this
Seven Hours Is Not Enough (argument draft to an invented school board, about an invented high school): [1] At Harlan High School the first bell rings at 7:25, a time set decades ago to fit the bus routes and kept ever since because no one has been asked to defend it. [2] The school board should move the first bell to 8:30, because a later start would give students sleep that their bodies cannot make up on weekends and would cost less than the board assumes.
[3] Teenagers do not stay up late out of stubbornness. [4] During puberty the body's internal clock shifts, so that a sixteen-year-old who feels tired at ten o'clock is unusual, and most teenagers are not sleepy until well after eleven. [5] Nevertheless, this means that a student who must wake at 6:00 has slept, at most, seven hours, and many students wake even earlier.
(A) ______
[6] A study of two Seattle high schools that moved their first bell from 7:50 to 8:45 found that students slept about thirty-four minutes longer each night. [7] Their grades rose, and fewer students arrived late to first period. [8] Because students are rested, teachers in schools that have made the change commonly report fewer of them asleep in first period. [9] Districts that have moved their bells say that the hardest part was not the students but the buses.
(B) ______
[10] Moreover, they can often be solved without buying new buses, because many districts stagger their routes so that one bus serves the high school and an elementary school in turn. [11] In Harlan, the transportation office has confirmed that the elementary routes already end by 8:15, which would free the same buses for a high school run that begins at 8:00. [12] Although afternoon practices would end later, the sports schedule would need only small changes, because most games already begin after dark. [13] Students who sleep more are also less likely to be injured in practice, a benefit that no bus schedule can offer. [14] A later start will ask something of the district, but what it asks is arrangement, and what it gives is sleep that students cannot recover on a weekend.
Earlier version of sentence 8: “Teachers in schools that have made the change commonly report fewer students asleep in first period. The students are rested.”
Jun compares sentence 8 of “Seven Hours Is Not Enough” with the earlier version printed below the draft. Which margin note is right?
- Reword; participial phrase; the reader sees rest as the reason fewer students sleep through first period
- Reword; subordinate clause; the reader sees rest as the reason fewer students sleep through first period
- Reword; subordinate clause; the reader sees that rested students learn more than teachers can measure
- Cut; subordinate clause; the reader sees rest as the reason fewer students sleep through first period
Use this
Seven Hours Is Not Enough (argument draft to an invented school board, about an invented high school): [1] At Harlan High School the first bell rings at 7:25, a time set decades ago to fit the bus routes and kept ever since because no one has been asked to defend it. [2] The school board should move the first bell to 8:30, because a later start would give students sleep that their bodies cannot make up on weekends and would cost less than the board assumes.
[3] Teenagers do not stay up late out of stubbornness. [4] During puberty the body's internal clock shifts, so that a sixteen-year-old who feels tired at ten o'clock is unusual, and most teenagers are not sleepy until well after eleven. [5] Nevertheless, this means that a student who must wake at 6:00 has slept, at most, seven hours, and many students wake even earlier.
(A) ______
[6] A study of two Seattle high schools that moved their first bell from 7:50 to 8:45 found that students slept about thirty-four minutes longer each night. [7] Their grades rose, and fewer students arrived late to first period. [8] Because students are rested, teachers in schools that have made the change commonly report fewer of them asleep in first period. [9] Districts that have moved their bells say that the hardest part was not the students but the buses.
(B) ______
[10] Moreover, they can often be solved without buying new buses, because many districts stagger their routes so that one bus serves the high school and an elementary school in turn. [11] In Harlan, the transportation office has confirmed that the elementary routes already end by 8:15, which would free the same buses for a high school run that begins at 8:00. [12] Although afternoon practices would end later, the sports schedule would need only small changes, because most games already begin after dark. [13] Students who sleep more are also less likely to be injured in practice, a benefit that no bus schedule can offer. [14] A later start will ask something of the district, but what it asks is arrangement, and what it gives is sleep that students cannot recover on a weekend.
Luz writes the sentence for gap (B), which opens section 4. It must tie back to the claim in sentence 2, pick up the buses in sentence 9 and keep the draft's term “later start.” Which sentence does all three?
- Sleep researchers also note that weekend sleep, taken late, shifts the body's clock even further from the school week.
- A delayed bell costs less than the board assumes, because the buses it needs are mostly buses the district already owns.
- A later start costs less than the board assumes, because the buses it needs are mostly buses the district already owns.
- The hardest part of the change, in the districts that made it, was not the students but the buses.
Bo finds two slips in sentence 10 of “Seven Hours Is Not Enough”: a link that gives the wrong relation and a pointing word with no clear target. Which revision fixes both and keeps every fact?
- Even so, the difficulty can often be solved without buying new buses, many districts stagger their routes so that one bus serves the high school and an elementary school in turn.
- Even so, they can often be solved without buying new buses, because many districts stagger their routes so that one bus serves the high school and an elementary school in turn.
- Even so, the difficulty can usually be solved without buying new buses, because many districts stagger their routes so that one bus serves the high school and an elementary school in turn.
- Even so, the difficulty can often be solved without buying new buses, because many districts stagger their routes so that one bus serves the high school and an elementary school in turn.