Compare the four river-valley civilizations

Grade 6 Social Studies Worksheet - Building Confidence

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Use this

   Card B, a museum label written for this sheet: A shaduf is a long pole balanced on a post, with a bucket on one end and a heavy weight on the other. A farmer pulls the bucket down into the Nile, and the weight helps swing it up. The water is then tipped into a ditch that runs to the fields. Card C, a textbook note written for this sheet: Little rain falls in southern Mesopotamia, so farmers there dug canals to carry water from the Tigris and Euphrates to dry fields. Silt from the rivers settled in the canals, and workers had to clear it out again and again. Silt is fine soil carried by a river. When the Nile flooded each year, the silt spread over the fields and made the soil richer for crops.

3. 1.

   Ari compares card A with the museum label. Which civilization used the shaduf, and what did it lift water from?

   • Mesopotamia, lifting water from the Euphrates into canals
   • The Indus Valley, lifting water up out of its wells
   • Egypt, lifting water from the Nile up into a ditch
   • Egypt, lifting floodwater onto the silt left by the Nile
4. 2.

   Card C says little rain falls in southern Mesopotamia. Which problem do cards A and C say the canals solved, Bo asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • River water had to reach dry fields that rain did not reach
   • A yearly flood had to be kept from leaving silt on the fields
   • Farmers needed a way to ship grain from city to city by boat
   • Rainwater had to be drained off fields that were too wet
5. 3.

   According to card A, how did the way Egypt got water for its fields differ from Mesopotamia's, Esme asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • Egypt needed no tools for water, and Mesopotamia needed many
   • Both used canals, though Egypt's farmers also used a shaduf
   • Mesopotamia's fields got a yearly flood, while Egyptian farmers dug canals
   • Egypt's fields got a yearly flood, while Mesopotamian farmers dug canals
6. 4.

   Card B says a farmer pulls the bucket down into the Nile, then tips the water into a ditch. Why was lifting needed, Jun asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • The weight was added to keep the bucket from floating off
   • The Nile water carried silt, and lifting it filtered the silt out
   • The river lay higher than the ditch, so the weight held water back
   • The river lay lower than the ditch, so the water had to go up
7. 5.

   Which statement about Early China does card A support, Kira asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • It was known for planned cities with covered drains
   • Its farmers had fertile soil but faced frequent floods
   • The other three valleys relied on a yearly flood to leave silt
   • Its farmers dug canals the way Mesopotamian farmers did
8. 6.

   Card C says silt settled in the canals and workers cleared it out again and again. What did that mean for the people who used them, Milo asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • Keeping water flowing took steady work year after year
   • Each year the canals washed away and were built new
   • The silt made the canals deeper, so no clearing was needed
   • Farmers gave up and moved away from both rivers
9. 7.

   Noah wants to know how a shaduf worked, step by step. Which card should Noah read first, and why?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • Card A or card C, because a chart or a note says more than a label
   • Card A, because it names the tool, which explains how it worked
   • Card B, because it describes the steps of using the tool
   • Card C, because it is about water for farming
10. 8.

    Card C says the yearly Nile flood spread silt over the fields. Why would Egyptian farmers welcome it, Pia asks?

    Use the picture in question 1.

    • It filled the canals, which then needed clearing
    • It watered the fields without any other tool being used
    • It spread rich soil over their fields
    • It washed the soil off the fields and into the river
11. 9.

    Card A says the Indus Valley had planned cities with covered drains. What job would covered drains most likely do, Tala asks?

    Use the picture in question 1.

    • Carry used water away from homes so streets stayed cleaner
    • Store grain safely for the winter
    • Water the fields outside the city walls
    • Bring fresh river water into homes from the Indus
12. 10.

    Using card A only, which sentence compares two valleys correctly, Zee asks?

    Use the picture in question 1.

    • Egypt stored water in reservoirs, and the Indus Valley used a shaduf
    • Egypt and the Indus Valley both dug canals for their fields
    • Egypt and the Indus Valley both depended on a yearly flood
    • Egypt had a tool for lifting water, and the Indus Valley stored water