Landforms, rivers and resources of Central and South America and the Caribbean
Grade 6 Social Studies Worksheet
Circle the best answer.
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Height and temperature near the equator
Place What the card says Guayaquil, Ecuador close to the equator and close to sea level; hot and humid Quito, Ecuador also close to the equator, but about 2,800 m above sea level; cool all year La Paz, Bolivia in the tropics, about 3,600 m above sea level; people wear warm coats Peaks near the equator some tall peaks in the Andes near the equator are snow-covered all year Model rule: air is about 6.5°C cooler for every 1,000 m of height.
Quito and Guayaquil both lie close to the equator, yet Quito is cool and Guayaquil is hot (card C). What best explains the difference, Ari asks?
- Guayaquil is higher up the mountains, where the sun is closer to it
- Quito lies much farther from the equator than Guayaquil does, so it is cooler
- Quito has more rain than Guayaquil, which lowers the temperature through the year
- Quito is about 2,800 m high, and air is cooler at greater height
A balloon (made up) rises from a beach where the air is 30°C. Using card C's rule, about how warm is the air when it reaches 3,000 m, Bo asks?
- About 23.5°C
- About 49.5°C
- About 28°C
- About 10.5°C
La Paz is in the tropics, yet people there wear warm coats (card C). What is the reason, Esme asks?
- La Paz lies far from the equator, near the poles, so it is cold
- La Paz sits about 3,600 m high, where the air is much cooler
- La Paz is on the coast, where cold sea winds blow across the town
- Towns in the tropics are cold, and La Paz is just like the rest
Quito and Guayaquil share a latitude but not a temperature. What does that show about using latitude alone, Jun asks?
- Height also changes temperature, so latitude alone cannot predict it
- Cities near the equator are cold, so Guayaquil's heat is a puzzle
- Temperature depends on the size of the city, not on its height
- Latitude has no effect on temperature, so Quito's coolness is a puzzle
Some tall peaks near the equator stay snow-covered all year (card C). Which chain explains it, Luz asks?
- Height cools the air about 6.5°C per 1,000 m, so high peaks stay cold
- Snow is carried there from the poles by the wind
- The equator is cold, so peaks there are cold at each height
- Heat from the equator melts snow in winter, which then falls back as snow in summer
The Panama Canal
Topic What the card says What it is an 82 km waterway built by people across the narrow land of Panama What it joins the Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean side) and the Pacific Ocean Locks steps of water that lift ships about 26 m up to Gatun Lake and lower them again Before the canal ships sailed around the southern tip of South America to pass between the oceans A lock is a chamber with gates; water is let in or out to raise or lower a ship.
The canal's locks lift ships about 26 m up to Gatun Lake (card D). What does that tell Noah about the lake?
- The locks are 26 km long
- Gatun Lake is about 26 m higher than the oceans
- Gatun Lake is at the same height as the oceans
- Gatun Lake sits about 26 m lower than the oceans
Suppose a trip around South America's southern tip is 20,000 km (made up) and the canal route is 12,000 km. How much shorter is the canal route, Pia asks?
- 32,000 km shorter
- 12,000 km shorter
- 8,000 km shorter
- 800 km shorter
Ren writes three sentences about the canal. Which one does card D support?
- Rivers formed the canal on their own over many thousands of years
- The canal is 82 m long, with locks that lift ships 26 km
- People built the 82 km canal to join the Atlantic and Pacific
- The canal joins the Pacific to the Caribbean Sea and nothing else
Put the chain in order for how the canal helped ships, using card D. Which is right, Tala asks?
- People built the canal, so ships skip the southern tip and trips are shorter
- Trips became shorter, so people built the canal, and then ships stopped sailing around
- Ships sail around South America, so the canal gets longer, and trips are shorter
- The locks made the two oceans join, so trips became shorter for ships
Zee's note says, "The Panama Canal joins the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea." Which fix uses card D?
- It joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean through the isthmus
- It joins the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean across Panama
- It joins the Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean side) and the Pacific Ocean
- It joins the Amazon River and the Pacific Ocean across the Andes