Feudal Europe: lords, vassals, knights and serfs, and life on a manor
Grade 7 Social Studies Worksheet

Circle the best answer.
In the manor chain, one box leads to two effects. Which box is it, Ren asks?
- No box in this chain leads to two effects
- The lord owes protection
- The serf owes work on the demesne
- The lord lets a serf family farm fields
In the income chain, which box has two causes leading into it, Zee asks?
Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. How the lord earned from the manor [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery [2] the lord holds the manor court [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery [4] the court brings in payments [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops - The lord holds the manor court
- No box has two causes
- The lord gains income besides crops
- The lord owns the mill and bakery on the manor
What is the demesne, Ari asks?
Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. A serf and a lord: duties each way [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. - The serf family's fields
- The lord's own land on the manor
- The village bakery
- The room where the manor court meets
What did villagers pay charges for, Esme asks?
Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. How the lord earned from the manor [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery [2] the lord holds the manor court [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery [4] the court brings in payments [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops - Swearing fealty
- Working on the demesne
- Joining a craft guild in a town
- Grinding grain and baking
Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. A serf and a lord: duties each way [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. Why would a lord want serfs to stay on the land, Jun asks?
- Serfs owned the manor
- The lord had no fields
- Serfs paid the lord nothing
- The lord needed their work
Why did the manor court matter to a serf, Kira asks?
Use the picture in question 5.
- It was where the serf could get justice
- It was the village market
- It set serfs free
- It paid the serf wages each week
Why did charges for the mill matter to the lord, Luz asks?
Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. How the lord earned from the manor [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery [2] the lord holds the manor court [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery [4] the court brings in payments [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops - They cost the lord money
- They added income besides the crops
- They closed the lord's manor court for good
- They freed the villagers
Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. A serf and a lord: duties each way [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. Milo's note says, "Serfs could move to another manor when they liked." Which fix is right?
- Leave it: serfs were free to move
- Change "manor" to "town"
- Change "Serfs" to "Lords"
- Change it: they needed the lord's permission to leave
Noah's note says, "Serfs owed duties, and lords owed nothing." Which fix is right?
Use the picture in question 8.
- Change "Serfs" to "Vassals"
- Leave it: duties went one way
- Change it: lords owed protection and justice
- Change "duties" to "fields"
Pia's note says, "The lord's income came from the demesne's crops and nothing else." Which fix is right?
Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. How the lord earned from the manor [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery [2] the lord holds the manor court [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery [4] the court brings in payments [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops - Change "crops" to "coins"
- Change it: charges and court payments added income
- Leave it: crops were the one source
- Change "lord" to "serf"