Feudal Europe: lords, vassals, knights and serfs, and life on a manor
Grade 7 Social Studies Worksheet

Circle the best answer.
In the manor chain, one box leads to two effects. Which box is it, Ren asks?
- No box in this chain leads to two effects
- The lord lets a serf family farm fields
- The lord owes protection
- The serf owes work on the demesne
What are the two effects of the serf family's fields, Tala asks?
Use the picture in question 1.
- One effect: the serf owns the manor
- Duties for the serf, and nothing owed by the lord
- Duties for the serf, and duties for the lord
- Freedom to leave the manor
In the income chain, which box has two causes leading into it, Zee asks?
Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. How the lord earned from the manor [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery [2] the lord holds the manor court [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery [4] the court brings in payments [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops - The lord holds the manor court
- No box has two causes
- The lord owns the mill and bakery on the manor
- The lord gains income besides crops
Could a serf leave the manor freely, Bo asks?
Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. A serf and a lord: duties each way [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. - No, serfs had to move each year
- Yes, after each harvest
- No, not without the lord's permission
- Yes, on any day of the year they chose
What did villagers pay charges for, Esme asks?
Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. How the lord earned from the manor [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery [2] the lord holds the manor court [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery [4] the court brings in payments [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops - Swearing fealty
- Working on the demesne
- Joining a craft guild in a town
- Grinding grain and baking
Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. A serf and a lord: duties each way [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. Why would a lord want serfs to stay on the land, Jun asks?
- The lord needed their work
- The lord had no fields
- Serfs paid the lord nothing
- Serfs owned the manor
Why did the manor court matter to a serf, Kira asks?
Use the picture in question 6.
- It paid the serf wages each week
- It was the village market
- It set serfs free
- It was where the serf could get justice
Why did charges for the mill matter to the lord, Luz asks?
Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. How the lord earned from the manor [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery [2] the lord holds the manor court [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery [4] the court brings in payments [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops - They added income besides the crops
- They closed the lord's manor court for good
- They freed the villagers
- They cost the lord money
Milo's note says, "Serfs could move to another manor when they liked." Which fix is right?
Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. Cause and effect chain "A serf and a lord: duties each way": [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food; [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash; [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court. Arrows: 1 → 2, 1 → 3. Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. A serf and a lord: duties each way [1] the lord lets a serf family farm fields on the manor for its own food [2] the serf owes work on the demesne, the lord's own land, plus crops or cash [3] the lord owes the serf protection and justice in the manor court Below the chain: serfs were bound to the land. A serf could not leave without the lord's permission. - Change it: they needed the lord's permission to leave
- Leave it: serfs were free to move
- Change "Serfs" to "Lords"
- Change "manor" to "town"
Pia's note says, "The lord's income came from the demesne's crops and nothing else." Which fix is right?
Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Cause and effect chain "How the lord earned from the manor": [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery; [2] the lord holds the manor court; [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery; [4] the court brings in payments; [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. How the lord earned from the manor [1] the lord owns the manor's mill and bakery [2] the lord holds the manor court [3] villagers pay charges to grind grain at the mill or bake at the bakery [4] the court brings in payments [5] the lord gains income besides the demesne's crops - Change it: charges and court payments added income
- Change "crops" to "coins"
- Change "lord" to "serf"
- Leave it: crops were the one source