Native peoples of the Southwest: Pueblo, Hopi, Navajo, Apache and O'odham

Grade 7 Social Studies Worksheet - Challenge Me

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Diné, Hopi and San Carlos Apache: hard history and today

   Nation (own name)	Homeland	Traditional ways of life	Changes and hard history	Today
   Diné (Navajo Nation)	Diné Bikéyah, or Navajoland: over 27,000 square miles in Arizona, New Mexico and Utah, between four sacred mountains	the land provided clothing, medicine, shelter, water and food; families raised livestock	in 1863 and 1864 the US Army forced thousands of Diné from their land; they walked nearly 400 miles to Fort Sumner (Hwéeldi), were held there four years, and came home after the treaty of June 1, 1868	the capital is Window Rock; the Navajo Nation Council has 88 delegates for 110 chapters; about 400 Diné served as code talkers in World War II
   Hopi (Hopi Tribe)	northeastern Arizona: 12 villages on and below First, Second and Third Mesa, about 1.5 million acres	dry farming of corn, beans, squash and melons, with windbreaks in the fields to hold soil, snow and moisture	Hopi students were among those sent to the Phoenix Indian School (1891 to 1990), where officials at first tried to erase students' cultures	Old Oraibi is considered the oldest continuously lived-in village in North America; each village has its own government
   San Carlos Apache (San Carlos Apache Tribe)	Gila, Graham and Pinal Counties in southeastern Arizona; 1,834,781 acres	ancestors were Athabascan-speaking peoples who came to the Southwest in the 900s CE	a reservation was set up by executive order on November 9, 1871; many Apache bands were moved there from homelands across Arizona and New Mexico	cattle ranching brings about $1 million a year in livestock sales

   Below the chart: from 1819 to 1969 the US government ran or supported 408 boarding schools for Native children in 37 states, many of them in Oklahoma, Arizona and New Mexico, and the government has since said the schools sought to erase Native cultures (2022 Interior Department report). The Phoenix Indian School ran from 1891 to 1990. A summary in our words of the National Park Service brochure The Long Walk Home, told in the Diné voice: elders call it the time of suffering, and families today are proud that their ancestors endured and came home, keeping their language and land.

2. 1.

   Which nation in the chart walked nearly 400 miles and was held four years before a treaty, Esme asks?

   • The Diné, after a treaty signed in 1898
   • The Diné, after the Long Walk of 1864
   • The Hopi, after the Phoenix school opened in 1891
   • The San Carlos Apache, after the order of 1871
3. 2.

   Which two rows describe whole peoples moved off their homelands to live somewhere else, Jun asks?

   • The Diné and the San Carlos Apache
   • The Hopi alone, after 1891
   • The Hopi and the San Carlos Apache
   • The Diné and the Hopi
4. 3.

   By the summary of the brochure, how do Diné families today see the Long Walk, Luz asks?

   • As the end of the Diné language and land
   • With pride that their ancestors endured and came home
   • As a trip the Diné chose to make to the east
   • As a story the Diné no longer remember
5. 4.

   The brochure is told in the Diné voice. What does that add to the chart, Milo asks?

   • The exact legal wording of the treaty
   • The people's own view of their history
   • A soldier's view of the 1864 campaign
   • Proof that the chart's dates are wrong
6. 5.

   Which source in the note gives the US government's own count of boarding schools, Noah asks?

   • The treaty of June 1, 1868
   • The 2022 Interior Department report
   • The Hopi village governments
   • The brochure told in the Diné voice
7. 6.

   Pia's note says: The Diné came home after the treaty of 1864. Which fix makes it match the chart?

   • Change came home to stayed at Fort Sumner
   • Change treaty to boarding school
   • Change 1864 to 1868
   • Change Diné to Hopi
8. 7.

   Ren's note says: The Navajo Nation was a people of the past, with its capital at Window Rock. Which fix makes it match the chart?

   • Use the present tense: its capital is Window Rock
   • Change Navajo Nation to Hopi Tribe
   • Keep it, since the Long Walk ended the nation
   • Change Window Rock to Whiteriver
9. 8.

   Tala's note says: The 408 boarding schools were in Arizona alone. Which fix makes it match the note?

   • Keep it, since the Phoenix Indian School was one
   • Change Arizona alone to 37 states, many in Arizona
   • Change boarding schools to reservations
   • Change 408 to 37, the number of schools
10. 9.

    Which statement fits all three rows of the chart, Ari asks?

    • Each nation in the chart farms on mesas
    • Each row names a nation that ended in the 1800s
    • Each row names a nation that is living today
    • Each nation in the chart was moved by the US Army
11. 10.

    By the chart, what is Diné Bikéyah, Bo asks?

    • The fort where the Diné were held
    • The treaty that let the Diné go home
    • The Diné capital, Window Rock
    • The Diné homeland, also called Navajoland