Native peoples of the Southwest: Pueblo, Hopi, Navajo, Apache and O'odham

Grade 7 Social Studies Worksheet - Building Confidence

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Three Arizona nations: homelands and ways of life

   Nation (own name)	Homeland	Traditional ways of life	Changes and hard history	Today
   Hopi (Hopi Tribe)	?	dry farming of corn, beans, squash and melons, with windbreaks in the fields to hold soil, snow and moisture	Hopi students were among those sent to the Phoenix Indian School (1891 to 1990), where officials at first tried to erase students' cultures	Old Oraibi is considered the oldest continuously lived-in village in North America; each village has its own government
   Tohono O'odham (Tohono O'odham Nation)	the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico; government offices at Sells	gathering saguaro fruit, cholla buds and mesquite bean pods, and growing tepary beans, squash and melons	the 1853 Gadsden Purchase divided O'odham land almost in half between the United States and Mexico	members must show passports and border cards to enter the United States; the O'odham language is still spoken
   Akimel O'otham and Pee Posh (Gila River Indian Community)	along the Gila River south of Phoenix; in 1859 Congress set aside 372,000 acres, the first reservation in Arizona; offices at Sacaton	farming fed by Gila River water; their Huhugam ancestors built some 500 miles of canals	in the 1870s and 1880s, dams and diversions built upstream by non-Native farmers cut off their river water, and their farming was largely lost	about 14,000 people; community farms grow cotton, wheat, alfalfa and pistachios

   The cell marked ? is blank. Below the chart: each nation's own name comes first. Outsiders once called the Akimel O'otham the Pima and the Pee Posh the Maricopa. Dry farming means growing crops with only the rain and snow that fall, without canals.

2. 1.

   Ari's chart has a blank: where is the Hopi homeland?

   • South of Phoenix, along the Gila River
   • The Sonoran Desert, divided by the border
   • Northeastern Arizona, in villages on three mesas
   • Northern New Mexico, along the Rio Grande
3. 2.

   Bo's chart has a blank: what divided O'odham land?

   • A boarding school that opened in Phoenix in 1891
   • An act of Congress in 1859 that made a reservation
   • The 1853 Gadsden Purchase and its new border
   • A river dam built across the Sonoran Desert

4. Three Arizona nations: homelands and ways of life

   Nation (own name)	Homeland	Traditional ways of life	Changes and hard history	Today
   Hopi (Hopi Tribe)	northeastern Arizona: 12 villages on and below First, Second and Third Mesa, about 1.5 million acres	dry farming of corn, beans, squash and melons, with windbreaks in the fields to hold soil, snow and moisture	Hopi students were among those sent to the Phoenix Indian School (1891 to 1990), where officials at first tried to erase students' cultures	Old Oraibi is considered the oldest continuously lived-in village in North America; each village has its own government
   Tohono O'odham (Tohono O'odham Nation)	the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico; government offices at Sells	gathering saguaro fruit, cholla buds and mesquite bean pods, and growing tepary beans, squash and melons	the 1853 Gadsden Purchase divided O'odham land almost in half between the United States and Mexico	members must show passports and border cards to enter the United States; the O'odham language is still spoken
   Akimel O'otham and Pee Posh (Gila River Indian Community)	along the Gila River south of Phoenix; in 1859 Congress set aside 372,000 acres, the first reservation in Arizona; offices at Sacaton	farming fed by Gila River water; their Huhugam ancestors built some 500 miles of canals	in the 1870s and 1880s, dams and diversions built upstream by non-Native farmers cut off their river water, and their farming was largely lost	about 14,000 people; community farms grow cotton, wheat, alfalfa and pistachios

   Below the chart: each nation's own name comes first. Outsiders once called the Akimel O'otham the Pima and the Pee Posh the Maricopa. Dry farming means growing crops with only the rain and snow that fall, without canals.

5. 3.

   By the chart, what do Hopi farmers place in their fields, Jun asks?

   • Canals that carry water from the Gila River
   • Windbreaks that hold soil, snow and moisture
   • Saguaro plants that shade the corn and beans
   • Stone dams built across the three mesas
6. 4.

   Which crops do Gila River community farms grow today, by the chart, Luz asks?

   • Tepary beans, squash and melons
   • Cotton, wheat, alfalfa and pistachios
   • Corn, beans, squash and melons
   • Saguaro fruit and cholla buds
7. 5.

   The chart says Hopi farmers use dry farming. What does dry farming mean, Noah asks?

   • Drying the harvest in the sun before storing it
   • Growing crops with water from canals dug from a river
   • Farming only in the dry season, then resting the land
   • Growing crops with only the rain and snow that fall
8. 6.

   What was the Gadsden Purchase, by the chart, Pia asks?

   • An 1859 act that created the Gila River reservation
   • A treaty that gave O'odham land back in 1853
   • A market where O'odham families traded crops
   • An 1853 deal whose border divided O'odham land
9. 7.

   Why does the chart write Akimel O'otham and Pee Posh first, Ren asks?

   • Pima and Maricopa are the peoples' own names
   • They are old names that no one uses now
   • They are the peoples' own names for themselves
   • Spanish missions gave the peoples those names
10. 8.

    Which sentence about the Hopi fits the chart, Tala asks?

    • Hopi villages governed themselves long ago but no longer do
    • Each Hopi village has its own government
    • The Hopi were a people of the distant past
    • The Hopi farm along the Gila River
11. 9.

    Which sentence about the Tohono O'odham fits the chart, Zee asks?

    • The O'odham live on the Mexico side alone
    • The O'odham language was lost after the 1853 border
    • The O'odham grow pistachios near Sacaton
    • The O'odham language is still spoken today
12. 10.

    Which sentence about the Gila River Indian Community fits the chart, Esme asks?

    • The community was a farming people of the past
    • The community lives in villages on three mesas
    • The community farms crops on its land today
    • The community left its land when Congress acted in 1859