The Scientific Revolution: observing, testing and new tools

Grade 7 Social Studies Worksheet

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Galileo's telescope

   With cards in time order: [1] 1608: refracting telescopes first appear in the Netherlands; the inventor is unknown, but Hans Lipperhey applies for the first patent; [2] 1609: Galileo hears of the telescope and works out how to build his own (summary in our words); [3] January 1610: Galileo looks at Jupiter. Excerpt (Galileo, The Sidereal Messenger (1610), on Jupiter; English translation by Edward Stafford Carlos, 1880, p. 45): "…the planet Jupiter presented itself to my view, and as I had prepared for myself a very excellent instrument, I noticed a circumstance which I had never been able to notice before, owing to want of power in my other telescope, namely, that three little stars, small but very bright, were near the planet…"; [4] early 1610: Galileo looks at the Moon. Excerpt (Galileo, The Sidereal Messenger (1610), on the Moon; English translation by Edward Stafford Carlos, 1880, p. 15): "…I feel sure that the surface of the Moon is not perfectly smooth, free from inequalities and exactly spherical… but that, on the contrary, it is full of inequalities, uneven, full of hollows and protuberances [bumps], just like the surface of the Earth itself, which is varied everywhere by lofty mountains and deep valleys."; [5] 13 March 1610: Galileo publishes The Sidereal Messenger, reporting the Moon's mountains and four moons of Jupiter. Arrows (this made the next one possible): 1 → 2, 2 → 3, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Below the strip: Galileo wrote in Latin. The excerpts are from an 1880 English translation.

2. 1.

   Where did refracting telescopes first appear, Noah asks?

   • China
   • The Netherlands
   • Venice, where Galileo worked
   • England
3. 2.

   Who invented the telescope, Pia asks?

   • Copernicus
   • Galileo, who built the first one in 1608
   • Newton
   • No one knows; Lipperhey applied for a patent
4. 3.

   When did Galileo publish The Sidereal Messenger, Ren asks?

   • 1880
   • 1687
   • 1608
   • 13 March 1610
5. 4.

   Galileo saw "three little stars" near Jupiter. What does the excerpt say let him see them, Tala asks?

   • A better, more powerful telescope
   • A map from the Netherlands
   • A book by Newton
   • A clear, dark night with no Moon in the sky
6. 5.

   In the Moon excerpt, what did Galileo compare the Moon's surface to, Zee asks?

   • Jupiter's moons
   • The surface of the Earth
   • The Sun
   • A smooth, perfectly round glass ball
7. 6.

   Which card made Galileo's own telescope possible, Bo asks?

   • No card
   • The Sidereal Messenger, published in 1610
   • The Moon card
   • The first telescopes, in the Netherlands
8. 7.

   What did Galileo's telescope make possible, on Jun's strip?

   • The first telescopes in the Netherlands, in 1608
   • Copernicus's book
   • Nothing new
   • His views of Jupiter and the Moon
9. 8.

   Kira's note says, "Galileo invented the telescope." Which fix is right?

   • Change "telescope" to "microscope"
   • Change it: Galileo built his own after hearing of it
   • Change "Galileo" to "Newton"
   • Leave it: Galileo made the first telescope in the world
10. 9.

    Luz's note says, "Galileo found the Moon perfectly smooth." Which fix is right?

    • Leave it: the excerpt says smooth
    • Change "Galileo" to "Kepler"
    • Change "Moon" to "Sun"
    • Change it: he found it uneven, with mountains
11. 10.

    Milo's note says, "Galileo wrote The Sidereal Messenger in English in 1880." Which fix is right?

    • Change "Messenger" to "Principia"
    • Change "English" to "French"
    • Change it: Latin, 1610; the 1880 text is a translation
    • Leave it: the date is printed on it