How colonists began governing themselves: the Mayflower Compact and the House of Burgesses
Grade 8 Social Studies Worksheet - Building Confidence
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Two beginnings, 1619 and 1620. Card A, the Mayflower Compact (November 11, 1620, by the calendar then used; the Mayflower had reached Cape Cod, outside the area its patent covered; 41 men signed and about 102 people were aboard; written for the passengers and the colony; spelling as in an 1841 printing): "…covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic [a group that governs itself], for our better ordering and preservation, and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet [fitting] and convenient for the general good of the colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience." Words in brackets are ours. Card B, a summary in our words from the National Park Service: On July 30, 1619, a representative assembly met in the church at Jamestown, Virginia. Two burgesses (elected representatives) came from each of 11 settlements, 22 in all. The governor and an appointed council sat with them. The Virginia Company in London had to approve the laws they made.
Card A promises 'due submission and obedience.' To what, Bo asks?
- To the laws and offices the signers would make
- To the Virginia Company's court, which met in London
- To a governor who was waiting for the settlers in Virginia
- To a leader that the ship's captain would later choose
Card A says 41 men signed and about 102 people were aboard. What does that show, Esme asks?
- Each adult aboard was asked to sign and refused
- Most of the people aboard signed the compact together
- Fewer than half of the people aboard took part in it
- About half of the people aboard signed it that day
Card B calls the 1619 assembly 'representative.' What makes it so, Jun asks?
- Settlements sent chosen men to speak for them
- Each settler voted on each law in person at Jamestown
- The king sent men to represent his wishes there
- The Company drew names by lot to fill the seats
How do cards A and B differ in who made the laws, Luz asks?
- In A the signers made laws; in B burgesses did, with a governor
- In both, the Company in London wrote the laws itself, not the colonists
- In A burgesses were elected by settlers; in B the signers voted together
- In A the king's council made the laws; in B the settlers did
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Who took part? Four bodies, 1620 to the 1700s (summaries in our words from the National Park Service, the Library of Congress and Massachusetts records). Mayflower Compact (1620): the 41 signers were all men. Virginia assembly (from 1619): burgesses were elected by men of the settlements, and the governor and an appointed council also sat. In 1670 Virginia limited voting to men with property. Massachusetts Bay (1631): the General Court ruled that only church members could become freemen, the men who could vote. Boston town meeting (1700s): usually white men who owned property could attend and vote. None of the four lists women, enslaved Africans or Native peoples as taking part.
What do all four bodies on the card have in common, Milo asks?
- Each was formed in the same year, 1620, by the same people
- Each let any free person who lived in the colony cast a vote
- Women, enslaved Africans and Native peoples are left out
- Each was run by the Virginia Company, whose court sat in London
Which body added a religious test for voting, Noah asks?
- Virginia's assembly, in 1670
- Boston's town meeting, in the 1700s
- Massachusetts Bay, in 1631
- The Mayflower Compact, in 1620
In 1670 Virginia limited voting to men with property. What happened to participation, Pia asks?
- It narrowed, because fewer men could vote
- It stayed the same, because voting had long needed property
- It widened, because more men could vote
- It grew, because women gained the vote
The card says only church members could become 'freemen' in Massachusetts Bay. What is a freeman here, Ren asks?
- A man who had been freed from service
- A man who served as a soldier
- A man who could vote in the colony
- A man who owned a ship
Boston's town meetings were usually for white men who owned property. Which statement fits, Tala asks?
- Self-government was real but open to few people
- Just the wealthiest merchants were ever allowed in
- Each Boston resident took an equal part in the meetings
- Voting did not take place at town meetings
Which question would best help Zee learn whether people left out had their own ways of governing?
- How many burgesses sat in the 1619 assembly?
- In what year did Virginia limit voting to men with property?
- How did Native nations such as the Wampanoag govern?
- Who signed the Mayflower Compact in 1620?