Spanish, French, Dutch and English claims, and the first English colonies

Grade 8 Social Studies Worksheet - Challenge Me

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Use this

   Spain in New Mexico (cards A to D, summaries in our words from the National Park Service and the Library of Congress). Card A: Spain claimed New Mexico. Settlers led by Juan de Oñate arrived in 1598, and Santa Fe became the capital around 1610. Spanish officials and priests demanded labor and tribute from Pueblo peoples and banned many Pueblo religious ceremonies. Card B: in August 1680, Pueblo peoples across the region rose together, led by Popé of Ohkay Owingeh, and drove the Spanish out of New Mexico. The Spanish returned in 1692 and 1693. Card C: Spanish reports of 1680 described the uprising as a rebellion against Spain's rule and church. Card D: Pueblo peoples today remember the revolt as a defense of their religion and way of life.

2. 1.

   How do cards C and D describe the same event differently, Ari asks?

   • C calls it a rebellion; D calls it defense of a way of life
   • C and D both call it a Spanish victory over the Pueblo peoples
   • C and D describe two different revolts in two different years
   • C calls it a defense of a way of life; D calls it a rebellion
3. 2.

   Which chain best explains why the revolt of 1680 happened, using cards A and B, Bo asks?

   • Demands for labor and bans led Pueblo peoples to unite
   • A Pueblo uprising led Spain to demand labor and ban ceremonies
   • Santa Fe's founding in 1610 caused Spain to leave New Mexico
   • Spanish rule ended in 1598, so the Pueblo peoples rose in 1680
4. 3.

   Card C is a Spanish report. What is the best way for Esme to use it, as evidence of why the revolt happened?

   • As Spain's view, to be weighed against Pueblo accounts
   • As proof that the revolt had no cause other than disloyalty
   • As useless, since Spanish officials had reasons to lie about it
   • As a neutral record, since officials wrote it very carefully
5. 4.

   What do cards B and D together suggest about the revolt's lasting effect, Jun asks?

   • The revolt showed their strength, and it is remembered
   • The Spanish had won in the end, so Pueblo memory of the revolt faded
   • The Spanish did not return to New Mexico after the revolt
   • The Spanish return ended Pueblo religion for good in the 1690s
6. 5.

   Which two cards, read together, give the clearest evidence of why Pueblo peoples may have rebelled, Kira asks?

   • C, with Spain's label, and D, with Pueblo memory
   • A, with demands and bans, and D, with defense of religion
   • B, with the date of the revolt, and C, with Spain's label
   • A, with the date of Santa Fe, and B, with the Spanish return
7. 6.

   Which statement about the revolt is best supported by all four cards, Luz asks?

   • Spain's account alone gives the true cause of the whole revolt
   • The revolt ended Spanish claims to New Mexico for good in 1680
   • Pueblo peoples united, and Spain and the Pueblo tell it differently
   • Pueblo peoples fought alone and Spain did not return afterward

8. Use this

   Comparing empires (cards E to G, summaries in our words). Card E, estimates around 1750: about 70,000 people lived in New France, and about 1.5 million in the British colonies. Card F: New France lived by the fur trade, which depended on alliances with Native nations. The British colonies grew by farming and towns, and settlers kept asking for more land. Card G: in 1675 to 1676, a war broke out in New England between English colonists and Native nations led by the Wampanoag leader Metacom, called King Philip by the English.

9. 7.

   About how many times larger was the British colonial population than New France's, per card E, Milo asks?

   • About 2 times
   • About 20 times
   • About 200 times
   • About 5 times
10. 8.

    Using cards E and F, which chain best explains growing conflict over land in the British colonies, Noah asks?

    • More farming settlers and towns raised the demand for land
    • Fur trading needed far more land than farming and towns did
    • Fewer settlers farming the land meant more demand for land
    • Railroads required more land in order to carry furs east
11. 9.

    How did the fur trade shape French relations with Native nations, compared with British farming, per card F, Pia asks?

    • The fur trade ended conflict with Native nations for good
    • The fur trade needed more land, while farming relied on alliances
    • The fur trade relied on alliances; farming needed land
    • British farming depended on Native alliances to supply furs
12. 10.

    Card G calls Metacom 'King Philip' too, since the English did. What does the double name show, Tala asks?

    • Metacom and King Philip were two different leaders
    • The Wampanoag called themselves the English
    • Each side used its own name for the same leader
    • The English invented a leader to explain the war