Solids, liquids and gases as moving particles
Grade 8 Science Worksheet - Challenge Me
Circle the best answer, or write your answer on the line.
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Melting test (example data)
trial mass of ice (g) minutes to melt A 400 8 B 100 2 All of the hot plate's energy goes into melting.
Each minute the hot plate adds the same energy, all of it melting ice at 0 °C. How many minutes will 200 g of ice take, Ari?
Each minute the hot plate adds the same energy, all of it melting ice at 0 °C. How many minutes will 600 g of ice take, Bo?
Under a microscope, specks of smoke in a sealed cell of still air jiggle in random directions. What explains this, Jun?
- A steady breeze through the cell pushes the specks around, which makes them seem to jiggle at random
- Air particles are at rest, and just the smoke specks have energy to move about on their own
- Unseen air particles, moving fast in every direction, keep bumping the specks from different sides
- The specks swell and shrink as the air around them warms and cools, so they seem to jiggle about
Air in a hot-air balloon is heated, and the balloon rises. Which explanation fits the particle model, Kira?
- Hot air particles move upward in a straight stream, so they carry the balloon up with them
- Faster air particles spread out and some leave the open bottom, so the air inside is less dense
- Heating creates extra air particles that fill the balloon and lift it, which is why it gets bigger
- Hot air particles become lighter than cold air particles, so the balloon floats up on a cushion of them
A hot metal spoon sits in cool water. After a few minutes both are at one temperature. What explains this, Luz?
- Faster spoon particles pass energy to slower water particles in collisions until the speeds match
- The spoon's particles stop moving and hand their energy over to the water particles around them
- Heat leaves the spoon until the spoon is cold, while the water stays at its first temperature
- Cold flows from the water into the spoon until both are equally cool, much as water flows into a cup
Gas in a flexible balloon (example data)
temperature (°C) volume (mL) 0 500 20 537 40 573 Milo says the gas volume doubles when the temperature doubles from 20 °C to 40 °C. Does the table support that?
- No: the volume rose only from 537 mL to 573 mL, much less than double
- Yes: 40 °C is twice 20 °C, and 573 mL is more than twice 537 mL
- Yes: the volume rose each time the temperature rose, so it must have doubled
- No: a gas should not change volume when its temperature changes
Dye test, three trials at each temperature (example data)
trial seconds at 50 °C seconds at 10 °C 1 38 95 2 45 110 3 41 90 Noah compares the dye times. Which statement do the data support?
- The 110 s trial is far from the others, so it should be thrown out before the two groups are compared
- The 50 °C times range from 38 s to 45 s, so these data are too uneven to trust for a comparison
- The two sets of times overlap, so temperature made no real difference to the dye
- Every 50 °C trial was faster than every 10 °C trial, a gap far larger than the spread within a group
Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) shrinks in an open bowl and leaves no liquid. Which explanation fits the particle model, Ren?
- A liquid forms first, but it evaporates too quickly for anyone to see it on the bottom of the bowl
- Its particles are destroyed as the dry ice warms, so just the empty bowl is left behind in the room
- Its particles shrink as the dry ice warms until they are far too small to see, so the solid vanishes
- Its particles gain enough energy to leave the solid and spread out as a gas without forming a liquid
Drops form on the outside of a cold glass of water. Which explanation fits the particle model, Tala?
- Water vapor particles in the air lose energy on the cold glass, slow down, and condense into a liquid
- Cold particles from the glass spread into the air and freeze the water vapor into small drops there
- Water seeps through tiny holes in the glass from the inside, and the drops are the water that got through
- The cold glass creates new water particles from the air that touches it, which adds mass to the glass
Wet skin feels cool as the water evaporates. Which explanation fits the particle model, Zee?
- The fastest water particles escape as vapor, so the average speed of the particles left behind drops
- Cold particles from the air move into the water and take the place of the warmer water particles
- Evaporating particles slow to a stop and keep their energy where they stopped, which chills the skin
- Water particles shrink as they evaporate, and smaller particles are cooler than larger particles