Where a word came from; foreign phrases in English
Grade 9 Reading Worksheet
Circle the best answer.
After nine rough days at sea, the passengers kissed the dock, glad to be on terra firma again. Ari reads a sentence in a ferry-line diary. Which origin → meaning today line fits “terra firma”?
- Latin “firm land” → solid ground, not water or air
- French “firm earth” → solid ground, not water or air
- Latin “the state in which” → the way things are now
- Latin “firm land” → a stubborn person who will not move
Orange (noun), 1300s. From Old French orenge, from Arabic naranj, from Persian narang, from Sanskrit naranga. Today: a citrus fruit. Esme reads the entry. From which language did English borrow “orange” directly?
- Old French
- Sanskrit
- Spanish
- Arabic
The mayor's brief mea culpa admitted that the city had miscounted the ballots. Jun reads a sentence in a city-hall newsletter. Which origin → meaning today line fits “mea culpa”?
- Latin “my fault” → a sharp accusation against others
- Latin “my fault” → an admission of one's own error
- French “my fault” → an admission of one's own error
- French “false step” → an embarrassing social mistake
Read this first
Entry (written by PencilGo, after standard references)
Awful (adjective). 1300s: filling with awe, inspiring deep respect. 1800s: terrible, very bad. Today: very bad; sometimes used for “very,” as in awful sorry.
Kira reads the entry. Which sentence uses awful in its 1300s meaning?
- Pilgrims gazed up at the awful majesty of the peak and fell silent.
- The awful smell from the kitchen made the guests leave before the main course.
- The awful weather ruined the picnic and soaked the blankets and the food.
- The awful crowd cheered with joy when the team arrived from the station.
Magazine (noun), 1500s. From French magasin, from Italian magazzino, from Arabic makhazin, “storehouses.” Today: a printed periodical. Luz reads the entry. From which language did English borrow “magazine” directly?
- Italian
- French
- Arabic
- Latin
Long division was Pia's bête noire all through fifth grade, though it no longer bothered Pia. Milo reads a sentence in a classroom memoir. Which origin → meaning today line fits “bête noire”?
- Latin “black beast” → the thing one dislikes or fears most
- French “black beast” → the thing one dislikes or fears most
- French “black beast” → a rare black animal kept in a zoo
- French “head to head” → a private talk between two
Entry (written by PencilGo, after standard references)
Villain (noun). 1300s: a farm worker on a manor, from Latin villa, “farm.” 1500s: a rude, low-bred person. Today: a wicked person, especially in a story.
Noah reads the entry. Which sentence uses villain in its 1300s meaning?
- The villain in the novel stole the king's jewels and fled.
- The villain who tended the lord's sheep rose before dawn.
- The villain who ruled the village from the castle taxed each farm.
- The guests called the cook a villain for his rude manners.
Entry (written by PencilGo, after standard references)
Check (noun, chess), 1300s. From Old French eschec, from Arabic shah, from Persian shah, “king.” Today: a threat to a king in chess.
Pia reads the entry. From which language did English borrow “check” (as in chess) directly?
- Arabic
- Old French
- Persian
- Latin
The two coaches settled the dispute in a quiet tête-à-tête behind the gym. Ren reads a sentence in a coaching newsletter. Which origin → meaning today line fits “tête-à-tête”?
- Latin “head to head” → a private talk between two people
- French “head to head” → a private talk between two people
- French “head to head” → a fierce contest between two teams
- Latin “for this” → made for one purpose
Entry (written by PencilGo, after standard references)
Tulip (noun), 1500s. From French tulipe, from Ottoman Turkish tülbent, “turban,” from Persian dulband, “turban.” The flower's shape was thought to resemble a turban. Today: a spring flower.
Zee reads the entry. From which language did English borrow “tulip” directly?
- Dutch
- Turkish
- French
- Persian