The laws of thermodynamics and heat engines

Answer Key - Grade 11 Science Worksheet

Circle the best answer, or write your answer on the line.

1. 1.

   A gas in a model engine's cylinder takes in 300 J of heat and does 120 J of work pushing a piston. What is the change in its internal energy, Ari?

   180 J
2. 2.

   A gas in a model engine's cylinder takes in 200 J of heat and does 250 J of work pushing a piston. What is the change in its internal energy, Bo?

   -50 J
3. 3.

   A gas in a model engine's cylinder takes in 150 J of heat and does 60 J of work pushing a piston. What is the change in its internal energy, Esme?

   90 J

4. Read this first

   Engine tests (example data)

   Engine	Heat in (J)	Work out (J)
   toy Stirling engine	200	20
   model steam engine	500	40
   car engine	1000	250

5. 4.

   Using the table, how much heat does the car engine give out as waste, Kira?

   • 250 J
   • 750 J
   • 1250 J
6. 5.

   Using the table, what is the toy Stirling engine's efficiency, Luz?

   • 10%
   • 20%
   • 90%
7. 6.

   In ΔU = Q − W, what does a positive W mean, Milo?

   • Heat flows into the gas
   • The gas does work on its surroundings
   • Work is done on the gas
8. 7.

   A piston squeezes a gas, doing work on it, with no heat flow. What happens to the gas's internal energy, Noah?

   • It falls
   • It rises
   • It stays the same, since no heat flows
9. 8.

   A gas takes in 100 J of heat and does 100 J of work. What is the change in its internal energy, Pia?

   • 0 J
   • 100 J, since the heat counts and the work doesn't
   • 200 J
10. 9.

    A cup of hot cocoa sits in a cool room. What happens by itself, Ren?

    • The cocoa warms up by taking heat from the room
    • The cocoa cools toward room temperature
    • Nothing, since both hold energy
11. 10.

    Why must a heat engine have a cold side, Zee?

    • To store the work it does
    • Heat must flow out for it to keep working
    • To stop the engine from moving