How the United States became a world power, 1898–1914
Grade 11 Social Studies Worksheet - Building Confidence
Circle the best answer.
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Why a canal across Panama
[1] (shading left off) Merchants want a fast, low-cost route for goods between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts; [2] (strategic cause, striped) The United States wants a canal that it controls, not one shared with Britain; [3] (event or result, plain) Colombia's congress rejects the money terms of a canal treaty with the United States; [4] (event or result, plain) November 3, 1903: Panama declares independence from Colombia, with United States warships off its two chief ports; [5] (event or result, plain) 1914: the Panama Canal is completed. Arrows: 1 → 5, 2 → 5, 3 → 4, 4 → 5. Shading key: an economic cause (dotted) is about trade, markets, goods or money; a strategic cause (striped) is about military position: bases, fleets, routes, rivals' power or defense; a political cause (checked) is about governments, laws, votes, public opinion or who rules; an event or result is plain.
Ari reads the Panama chain, where box 1 has no shading. Using the shading key, what kind of cause is box 1?
- An event, because it describes one thing that took place
- A strategic cause, because it is about the route ships take
- An economic cause, because it is about shipping goods
- A political cause, because it is about what merchants ask for
Why the United States came to want Hawaii
[1] (economic cause, dotted) Hawaii's sugar sells in the United States, and in 1896 sugar was almost all of Hawaii's exports; [2] (economic cause, dotted) Sugar planters fear that the United States will tax Hawaiian sugar; [3] (shading left off) Hawaii is seen as a fueling station and naval base in the middle of the Pacific; [4] (event or result, plain) January 17, 1893: a committee of planters and businessmen overthrows Queen Liliʻuokalani; [5] (event or result, plain) July 7, 1898: Congress annexes Hawaii by joint resolution. Arrows: 1 → 2, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Shading key: an economic cause (dotted) is about trade, markets, goods or money; a strategic cause (striped) is about military position: bases, fleets, routes, rivals' power or defense; a political cause (checked) is about governments, laws, votes, public opinion or who rules; an event or result is plain.
Bo reads the Hawaii chain, where box 3 has no shading. Using the shading key, what kind of cause is box 3?
- An event, because it names a place where something happened
- An economic cause, because it is about selling goods in the United States
- A political cause, because it is about who governs the islands
- A strategic cause, because it is about a base for the fleet
From the Cuban revolt to war, 1895 to 1898
[1] (shading left off) Many Americans sympathize with Cuban rebels fighting Spanish rule; [2] (event or result, plain) February 15, 1898: the battleship Maine explodes and sinks in Havana harbor; [3] (event or result, plain) April 20, 1898: Congress tells Spain to leave Cuba and says the United States will not annex it; [4] (event or result, plain) April 25, 1898: Congress votes to go to war against Spain. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 3, 3 → 4. Shading key: an economic cause (dotted) is about trade, markets, goods or money; a strategic cause (striped) is about military position: bases, fleets, routes, rivals' power or defense; a political cause (checked) is about governments, laws, votes, public opinion or who rules; an event or result is plain. Newspaper stories helped stir public feeling, but historians say they did not by themselves cause the war.
Esme reads the Cuba chain, where box 1 has no shading. Using the shading key, what kind of cause is box 1?
- An economic cause, because it is about the trade of the island
- A political cause, because it is about public opinion
- A strategic cause, because it is about the position of fleets and bases
- An event, because it describes one day on which something occurred
Why a canal across Panama
[1] (economic cause, dotted) Merchants want a fast, low-cost route for goods between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts; [2] (strategic cause, striped) The United States wants a canal that it controls, not one shared with Britain; [3] (event or result, plain) Colombia's congress rejects the money terms of a canal treaty with the United States; [4] (event or result, plain) November 3, 1903: Panama declares independence from Colombia, with United States warships off its two chief ports; [5] (event or result, plain) 1914: the Panama Canal is completed. Arrows: 1 → 5, 2 → 5, 3 → 4, 4 → 5. Shading key: an economic cause (dotted) is about trade, markets, goods or money; a strategic cause (striped) is about military position: bases, fleets, routes, rivals' power or defense; a political cause (checked) is about governments, laws, votes, public opinion or who rules; an event or result is plain. Timeline strip from 1890 to 1915, with a mark every 5 years. A: Mahan publishes The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1890. B: Queen Liliʻuokalani is overthrown, 1893. C: The battleship Maine explodes in Havana harbor, 1898. D: Panama declares independence from Colombia, 1903. E: The Panama Canal is completed, 1914.
Luz finds the event that sits between the Maine's explosion and the canal's completion. Which one is it?
- Panama declares independence from Colombia
- Mahan publishes The Influence of Sea Power upon History
- Queen Liliʻuokalani is overthrown
- The Panama Canal is completed
Why the United States came to want Hawaii
[1] (economic cause, dotted) Hawaii's sugar sells in the United States, and in 1896 sugar was almost all of Hawaii's exports; [2] (economic cause, dotted) Sugar planters fear that the United States will tax Hawaiian sugar; [3] (strategic cause, striped) Hawaii is seen as a fueling station and naval base in the middle of the Pacific; [4] (event or result, plain) January 17, 1893: a committee of planters and businessmen overthrows Queen Liliʻuokalani; [5] (event or result, plain) July 7, 1898: Congress annexes Hawaii by joint resolution. Arrows: 1 → 2, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Shading key: an economic cause (dotted) is about trade, markets, goods or money; a strategic cause (striped) is about military position: bases, fleets, routes, rivals' power or defense; a political cause (checked) is about governments, laws, votes, public opinion or who rules; an event or result is plain. Source card "Hawaii and its sugar, in brief". Who made it: historians and textbooks writing today. When: today. Where: the United States. For whom: readers today. Why: to sum up what is known. Summary in our words, not a quotation: The Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States signed trade treaties from 1826 on, including one in 1875, and a free-trade agreement let Hawaiian sugar into the United States without the usual tax. A report to Congress in 1898 counted $14,932,172 in sugar sold abroad in 1896 against $583,058 for all other exports together. In 1893 a committee of planters and businessmen, many with sugar interests, overthrew Queen Liliʻuokalani. Planters feared a United States tax on sugar. When the war with Spain began in 1898, supporters of annexation said Hawaii would be a fueling station and naval base in the middle of the Pacific.
Milo follows an arrow on the Hawaii chain. What did the planters' fear of a United States tax on sugar lead to?
- The overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani on January 17, 1893
- Hawaii's sugar selling in the United States
- Congress annexing Hawaii by joint resolution
- Hawaii being seen as a fueling station
From the Cuban revolt to war, 1895 to 1898
[1] (political cause, checked) Many Americans sympathize with Cuban rebels fighting Spanish rule; [2] (event or result, plain) February 15, 1898: the battleship Maine explodes and sinks in Havana harbor; [3] (event or result, plain) April 20, 1898: Congress tells Spain to leave Cuba and says the United States will not annex it; [4] (event or result, plain) April 25, 1898: Congress votes to go to war against Spain. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 3, 3 → 4. Shading key: an economic cause (dotted) is about trade, markets, goods or money; a strategic cause (striped) is about military position: bases, fleets, routes, rivals' power or defense; a political cause (checked) is about governments, laws, votes, public opinion or who rules; an event or result is plain. Newspaper stories helped stir public feeling, but historians say they did not by themselves cause the war. Source card "Cuba and the Maine, in brief". Who made it: historians and textbooks writing today. When: today. Where: the United States. For whom: readers today. Why: to sum up what is known. Summary in our words, not a quotation: Cubans fought Spanish rule from 1895 to 1898. The fighting disturbed a region close to the United States, and many Americans sympathized with the rebels. On February 15, 1898, the United States battleship Maine blew up and sank in the harbor at Havana, and the cause was not clear at the time. On April 20, 1898, Congress passed a resolution that called for Spain to leave Cuba and said the United States had no wish to annex it. Congress voted for war on April 25.
Noah follows the arrow out of the box for April 20, 1898. Where does it lead?
- Many Americans sympathize with Cuban rebels
- The battleship Maine explodes in Havana harbor
- Congress votes to go to war against Spain
- Spain agrees to leave Cuba without a fight
Why a canal across Panama
[1] (economic cause, dotted) Merchants want a fast, low-cost route for goods between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts; [2] (strategic cause, striped) The United States wants a canal that it controls, not one shared with Britain; [3] (event or result, plain) ?; [4] (event or result, plain) November 3, 1903: Panama declares independence from Colombia, with United States warships off its two chief ports; [5] (event or result, plain) 1914: the Panama Canal is completed. Arrows: 1 → 5, 2 → 5, 3 → 4, 4 → 5. The box marked ? is blank (box 3). Shading key: an economic cause (dotted) is about trade, markets, goods or money; a strategic cause (striped) is about military position: bases, fleets, routes, rivals' power or defense; a political cause (checked) is about governments, laws, votes, public opinion or who rules; an event or result is plain. Source card "The Panama Canal, in brief". Who made it: historians and textbooks writing today. When: today. Where: the United States. For whom: readers today. Why: to sum up what is known. Summary in our words, not a quotation: Through most of the 1800s, American and British leaders wanted a faster way to move goods between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. A French company began digging across Panama in 1880. It went bankrupt after nine years and about 20,000 lives lost, mostly to tropical disease. In 1901 a treaty with Britain let the United States build and manage its own canal. A treaty with Colombia followed, but Colombia's congress found the money terms unacceptable. On November 3, 1903, Panama declared its independence, and President Roosevelt sent warships to its two chief ports. The new Panama then signed a treaty giving the United States a ten-mile-wide strip for the canal, a payment of $10 million, and a yearly payment of $250,000. The canal opened in 1914.
Pia's Panama chain has a blank in box 3. Which event fits it, since the arrow from box 3 leads to Panama's independence?
- The Senate votes against building the canal through Panama
- Colombia's congress rejects the money terms of the treaty
- Colombian troops march into Panama and end the revolt
- The French company finishes its canal
From the Cuban revolt to war, 1895 to 1898
[1] (political cause, checked) Many Americans sympathize with Cuban rebels fighting Spanish rule; [2] (event or result, plain) February 15, 1898: the battleship Maine explodes and sinks in Havana harbor; [3] (event or result, plain) April 20, 1898: Congress tells Spain to leave Cuba and says the United States will not annex it; [4] (event or result, plain) April 25, 1898: Congress votes to go to war against Spain. Arrows: 1 → 3, 2 → 3, 3 → 4. Shading key: an economic cause (dotted) is about trade, markets, goods or money; a strategic cause (striped) is about military position: bases, fleets, routes, rivals' power or defense; a political cause (checked) is about governments, laws, votes, public opinion or who rules; an event or result is plain. Newspaper stories helped stir public feeling, but historians say they did not by themselves cause the war. Places map, not to scale. Five places in the story of 1898 to 1914. Data: Office of the Historian; Department of the Interior; National Archives. Place A is Havana harbor, Cuba: the battleship Maine exploded here on February 15, 1898. Place B is Manila Bay, the Philippines: Commodore Dewey's squadron defeated the Spanish fleet here on May 1, 1898. Place C is the Hawaiian Islands: Congress annexed them by a joint resolution signed on July 7, 1898. Place D is Guam: Spain ceded it under the Treaty of Paris of December 10, 1898, and then the Navy held jurisdiction. Place E is Panama: the canal was completed here in 1914.
Ren reads the places map. Which letter marks the place where Commodore Dewey's squadron defeated the Spanish fleet on May 1, 1898?
- A
- C
- D
- B
Why the United States came to want Hawaii
[1] (economic cause, dotted) Hawaii's sugar sells in the United States, and in 1896 sugar was almost all of Hawaii's exports; [2] (economic cause, dotted) Sugar planters fear that the United States will tax Hawaiian sugar; [3] (strategic cause, striped) Hawaii is seen as a fueling station and naval base in the middle of the Pacific; [4] (event or result, plain) January 17, 1893: a committee of planters and businessmen overthrows Queen Liliʻuokalani; [5] (event or result, plain) July 7, 1898: Congress annexes Hawaii by joint resolution. Arrows: 1 → 2, 2 → 4, 3 → 5, 4 → 5. Shading key: an economic cause (dotted) is about trade, markets, goods or money; a strategic cause (striped) is about military position: bases, fleets, routes, rivals' power or defense; a political cause (checked) is about governments, laws, votes, public opinion or who rules; an event or result is plain. Places map, not to scale. Five places in the story of 1898 to 1914. Data: Office of the Historian; Department of the Interior; National Archives. Place A is Havana harbor, Cuba: the battleship Maine exploded here on February 15, 1898. Place B is Manila Bay, the Philippines: Commodore Dewey's squadron defeated the Spanish fleet here on May 1, 1898. Place C is the Hawaiian Islands: Congress annexed them by a joint resolution signed on July 7, 1898. Place D is Guam: Spain ceded it under the Treaty of Paris of December 10, 1898, and then the Navy held jurisdiction. Place E is Panama: the canal was completed here in 1914.
Tala reads the places map. Congress annexed one of these places by a joint resolution instead of a treaty. Which letter marks it?
- A
- D
- C
- B
Why a canal across Panama
[1] (economic cause, dotted) Merchants want a fast, low-cost route for goods between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts; [2] (strategic cause, striped) The United States wants a canal that it controls, not one shared with Britain; [3] (event or result, plain) Colombia's congress rejects the money terms of a canal treaty with the United States; [4] (event or result, plain) November 3, 1903: Panama declares independence from Colombia, with United States warships off its two chief ports; [5] (event or result, plain) 1914: the Panama Canal is completed. Arrows: 1 → 5, 2 → 5, 3 → 4, 4 → 5. Shading key: an economic cause (dotted) is about trade, markets, goods or money; a strategic cause (striped) is about military position: bases, fleets, routes, rivals' power or defense; a political cause (checked) is about governments, laws, votes, public opinion or who rules; an event or result is plain. Places map, not to scale. Five places in the story of 1898 to 1914. Data: Office of the Historian; Department of the Interior; National Archives. Place A is Havana harbor, Cuba: the battleship Maine exploded here on February 15, 1898. Place B is Manila Bay, the Philippines: Commodore Dewey's squadron defeated the Spanish fleet here on May 1, 1898. Place C is the Hawaiian Islands: Congress annexed them by a joint resolution signed on July 7, 1898. Place D is Guam: Spain ceded it under the Treaty of Paris of December 10, 1898, and then the Navy held jurisdiction. Place E is Panama: the canal was completed here in 1914.
Zee reads the places map. Which letter's line says Spain ceded the place and the Navy held jurisdiction over it?
- C
- D
- A
- B