Kinds of work and how geographers measure development

Grade 9 Social Studies Worksheet - Building Confidence

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Use this

   Card A. Where people work, 2024 (share of workers; ILO estimates published by the World Bank). Country | Farming, forestry and fishing | Industry | Services: Niger | 73.5% | 9.2% | 17.3%; India | 42.4% | 25.4% | 32.3%; China | 22.2% | 31.6% | 46.2%; Brazil | 7.7% | 20.3% | 72.0%; Germany | 1.1% | 26.3% | 72.6%; United States | 1.6% | 19.0% | 79.4%. Note: Farming, forestry and fishing is the primary sector. Industry is mostly the secondary sector, and the World Bank counts mining and construction in it. Services is the tertiary sector. Card A has no quaternary column: research and information jobs are counted in Services.

2. 1.

   Ari compares Germany and the United States on Card A. Which conclusion does the table support?

   • More Americans than Germans work in services, because 79.4% of American workers is a larger figure than 72.6% of German workers
   • Germany is less developed than America, because a smaller share of Germany's workers than of America's are in services
   • A bigger share of Germany's workers than of America's work in industry, and services employ most workers in both
   • Germany makes more manufactured goods than America does, because 26.3% of its workers are in industry and just 19.0% of America's are
3. 2.

   Luz looks for a pattern in the industry column of Card A, going down from Niger to the United States. What does it show?

   • Industry's share peaks at China, a middle row, and is lower at both the most farming-heavy and the most services-heavy rows
   • Industry's share rises as farming's share falls, row after row down the table from Niger to the United States
   • Industry is the smallest of the three sectors in most of the six countries, as it is in Niger and India
   • The countries with the biggest services shares also have the biggest industry shares, since both grow as farming shrinks
4. 3.

   Tala says: "Brazil's economy is more advanced than China's, because 72.0% of Brazil's workers are in services and only 46.2% of China's." What does Card A support?

   • Brazil is more advanced, because a bigger services share means a country has moved further beyond farming and factory work
   • China is more advanced, because its 31.6% industry share means it makes more goods than Brazil's 20.3% does
   • Brazil has the bigger services share and China the bigger industry share; with no output or income given, it cannot rank them
   • China is less advanced, because its 22.2% of workers still in farming holds back the rest of its economy
5. 4.

   Jun imagines India's mix of jobs changing to China's mix. Where would India's farm share of workers mostly go?

   • Entirely into services, because the 20-point farming drop matches the rise in the services column
   • Mostly into services, up about 14 points, with about 6 points going to industry
   • Mostly into industry, because China is known for its factories, so its industry column must take the larger gain
   • Equally into industry and services, because both columns are higher in China's row than in India's row

6. Use this

   Card A. Where people work, 2024 (share of workers; ILO estimates published by the World Bank). Country | Farming, forestry and fishing | Industry | Services: Niger | 73.5% | 9.2% | 17.3%; India | 42.4% | 25.4% | 32.3%; China | 22.2% | 31.6% | 46.2%; Brazil | 7.7% | 20.3% | 72.0%; Germany | 1.1% | 26.3% | 72.6%; United States | 1.6% | 19.0% | 79.4%. Note: Farming, forestry and fishing is the primary sector. Industry is mostly the secondary sector, and the World Bank counts mining and construction in it. Services is the tertiary sector. Card A has no quaternary column: research and information jobs are counted in Services. Card B (made up for practice). Four jobs in the coastal town of Kelp Cove. Jo cuts kelp from the sea from a boat. Mei runs a plant that dries the kelp and packs it into snack bags. Dev drives the snack bags to shops in other towns. Lena works in a lab, testing recipes and writing research reports. Note: geographers call work that takes raw materials from nature primary, work that makes goods secondary, work that provides services tertiary, and work that handles information and research quaternary.

7. 5.

   Pia files the four jobs on Card B under the columns of Card A. Which filing is right?

   • Jo and Mei both under farming, forestry and fishing, because both of them work on kelp taken from the sea
   • Jo under farming, forestry and fishing; Mei under industry; Dev and Lena both under services
   • Mei and Dev both under industry, because both of them work for or at the plant that packs the snacks
   • Jo under industry, because a boat is a machine, with Mei under industry and Dev and Lena under services

8. Use this

   Card B (made up for practice). Four jobs in the coastal town of Kelp Cove. Jo cuts kelp from the sea from a boat. Mei runs a plant that dries the kelp and packs it into snack bags. Dev drives the snack bags to shops in other towns. Lena works in a lab, testing recipes and writing research reports. Note: geographers call work that takes raw materials from nature primary, work that makes goods secondary, work that provides services tertiary, and work that handles information and research quaternary.

9. 6.

   Milo imagines Jo's boat now carrying visitors to watch the kelp harvest instead of cutting kelp. Which describes Jo's job?

   • Secondary, because the boat is still a machine that has to be kept running and kept in repair
   • Tertiary, because the boat now serves visitors and Jo no longer takes anything from nature
   • Primary, because the boat still works on the same sea beside the same kelp beds as it did before
   • Quaternary, because the guide has to share what is known about kelp with the visitors on board

10. Use this

    Card A. Where people work, 2024 (share of workers; ILO estimates published by the World Bank). Country | Farming, forestry and fishing | Industry | Services: Niger | 73.5% | 9.2% | 17.3%; India | 42.4% | 25.4% | 32.3%; China | 22.2% | 31.6% | 46.2%; Brazil | 7.7% | 20.3% | 72.0%; Germany | 1.1% | 26.3% | 72.6%; United States | 1.6% | 19.0% | 79.4%. Note: Farming, forestry and fishing is the primary sector. Industry is mostly the secondary sector, and the World Bank counts mining and construction in it. Services is the tertiary sector. Card A has no quaternary column: research and information jobs are counted in Services. Card B (made up for practice). Four jobs in the coastal town of Kelp Cove. Jo cuts kelp from the sea from a boat. Mei runs a plant that dries the kelp and packs it into snack bags. Dev drives the snack bags to shops in other towns. Lena works in a lab, testing recipes and writing research reports. Note: geographers call work that takes raw materials from nature primary, work that makes goods secondary, work that provides services tertiary, and work that handles information and research quaternary.

11. 7.

    Zee says Kelp Cove's lab hires ten more researchers. Which Card A column would show that growth?

    • Industry, because the recipes the lab tests lead to the snack bags that the plant makes and sells
    • Farming, forestry and fishing, because the research is about kelp that Jo takes from the sea
    • Industry, because the lab uses machines and equipment, and machines are what factories are built around
    • Services, because Card A counts research and information jobs there

12. Use this

    Card C (made up for practice). Where people work in two towns, as shares of workers. Aldervale, 1970: farming 55%, industry 20%, services 25%. Aldervale, 2020: farming 8%, industry 22%, services 70%. Pinebank, 1970: farming 40%, industry 30%, services 30%. Pinebank, 2020: farming 6%, industry 14%, services 80%.

13. 8.

    Kira compares Aldervale and Pinebank on Card C from 1970 to 2020. Which statement does the card support?

    • Pinebank's industry share fell, so some of Pinebank's factories must have closed between 1970 and 2020
    • Industry's share rose in both towns as farming fell, so both towns became more industrial over the fifty years
    • Farming's share fell sharply in both towns, and services became the largest share in both
    • Services grew in both towns because farming shrank, which is what the card shows for each of the towns
14. 9.

    Ren traces how each town's industry share moved on Card C. Which statement about the two routes to a services economy is supported?

    • Towns go from farming to industry to services, so Aldervale also had the same large factory stage as Pinebank
    • Aldervale's industry share stayed near 20% while Pinebank's fell by more than half, so the routes differed
    • Pinebank's services share rose more because its industry share fell, so a falling industry share causes service growth
    • Aldervale's industry share grew from 20% to 22%, so Aldervale industrialized while Pinebank did the opposite
15. 10.

    Esme adds up Pinebank's changes on Card C: farming down 34 points, industry down 16, services up 50. Which statement is a fair reading?

    • Services gained far more than farming lost, so Pinebank must have added a lot of new workers in services
    • Farming's 34-point fall is the main reason services rose 50 points, and industry's fall is too small to matter
    • The same people who left Pinebank's farms and factories now work in services, since the points match exactly
    • The services gain equals the farming and industry losses together; the mix changed, not necessarily the workers