Why people migrate: push and pull factors and their effects

Grade 9 Social Studies Worksheet - Building Confidence

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Use this

   Card A. International migrants, 2000 to 2020 (UN DESA estimates of people living outside their country of origin): 173 million (2000), 221 million (2010) and 281 million (2020). In 2020 that was about 3.6% of the world's people. Note: a push factor drives people away from a place, such as few jobs or drought. A pull factor draws people to a place, such as jobs or schools. Internal migration is moving within one country.

2. 1.

   Ari compares the two decades on Card A: 2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2020. Which statement is right?

   • The second decade also rose faster in percent, because a gain of 60 million is bigger than a gain of 48 million
   • The second decade added more migrants (60 million against 48 million), yet both rose about 27%
   • The figures count moves made in each decade, so 281 million people moved between 2010 and 2020
   • Both decades added about the same number, roughly 54 million each, so the numbers grew in equal steps
3. 2.

   Luz says: "281 million people moved abroad in 2020." What does Card A actually count?

   • People who moved abroad for jobs, since jobs are the pull factor Card A names first in its note
   • People who plan to return to their home country after a short stay, as a count of temporary moves
   • People living outside their country of origin in 2020, whenever they moved
   • People who moved to another country during the year 2020, counted once at the time of the move
4. 3.

   Jun wants the rise in migrants from 2000 to 2020 on Card A as a percent. Which is right?

   • About 108%, because the rise is 108 million and a rise in millions equals a rise in percent
   • About 27%, because each decade rose about 27% and the two-decade rise is the same
   • About 38%, because the rise of 108 million is measured against the 2020 figure of 281 million
   • About 62%, because the rise of 108 million is measured against the 2000 figure of 173 million

5. Use this

   Card B (made up for practice). Two towns in one country. Rena: its main factory has closed, 3 in 10 workers have no job, and a drought has dried up the wells. Soto: a new port has opened, wages are 40% higher than in Rena, and the college is taking more students. The road from Rena to Soto takes 2 days and a ticket costs a month's wages in Rena. Note: an intervening obstacle is a cost or barrier that makes a move harder.

6. 4.

   Pia sorts Card B's facts into push, pull and obstacle. Which sorting is right?

   • Push: Soto's higher wages and port. Pull: the closed factory and the drought. Obstacle: the ticket cost
   • Push: the closed factory. Pull: the drought, because it makes Soto look better. Obstacle: the wages in Soto
   • Push: the closed factory and the drought. Pull: Soto's wages and port. Obstacle: the ticket cost
   • Push: the closed factory and the drought. Pull: the ticket cost, because it must be paid. Obstacle: the port
7. 5.

   Bo meets a family in Rena that still has jobs but has lost its well. Which factor applies to them?

   • An environmental push, the drought, though not the economic push from the factory closing
   • No factor, because the family has jobs and so no push applies to them
   • An environmental pull, because the lost well makes the family want to live near Soto's port
   • An economic push, because losing water costs the family money and so is about jobs and earnings
8. 6.

   Milo compares a move from Rena to Soto with Card A's 281 million. Does the move belong in that count?

   • Yes, because any family that moves 2 days by road has left its home and so counts as a migrant abroad
   • Yes, because Card A counts the moves made during the year, and the move to Soto is one of them
   • No, because Card A cannot count migrants, as the estimates are too rough to compare with a town
   • No: both towns are in one country, so the move is internal migration, not counted by Card A
9. 7.

   Zee asks how long a Rena worker needs to earn back the ticket's cost in Soto, doing the same job at 40% higher pay. About how long?

   • About 40 months, because the wage is 40% higher and each month adds 1% of the ticket price
   • About 1 month, because the ticket costs a month's wages and Soto pays higher wages
   • About 4 months, because 40% of a month's wage is worth about a quarter of the ticket
   • About 2.5 months: the extra pay is 40% of a month's wage per month, against a one-month ticket
10. 8.

    Kira asks which change in Rena would weaken the main economic push the most. Which fits?

    • Higher wages in Soto, which would weaken the push from Rena by making Soto look more attractive
    • A cheaper ticket, which would remove the push from the drought because people could leave more easily
    • New jobs in Rena, which would remove the main economic push, the 3 in 10 workers without work
    • More students at Soto's college, which would reduce the push because fewer young people stay in Rena

11. Use this

    Card A. International migrants, 2000 to 2020 (UN DESA estimates of people living outside their country of origin): 173 million (2000), 221 million (2010) and 281 million (2020). In 2020 that was about 3.6% of the world's people. Note: a push factor drives people away from a place, such as few jobs or drought. A pull factor draws people to a place, such as jobs or schools. Internal migration is moving within one country.

12. 9.

    Esme says: "If the true 2020 figure were 270 or 290 million instead of 281 million, the share would change a lot." What is right?

    • The share would be about 35% to 37%, since a change of 10 million is a change of 10 percentage points
    • The share could be anywhere from 1% to 6%, because the estimate is uncertain and could be far off
    • The share would not change, because 3.6% is fixed by the world's people whatever the estimate
    • The share would stay close to 3.6%: about 3.5% at 270 million and 3.7% at 290 million

13. Use this

    Card B (made up for practice). Two towns in one country. Rena: its main factory has closed, 3 in 10 workers have no job, and a drought has dried up the wells. Soto: a new port has opened, wages are 40% higher than in Rena, and the college is taking more students. The road from Rena to Soto takes 2 days and a ticket costs a month's wages in Rena. Note: an intervening obstacle is a cost or barrier that makes a move harder.

14. 10.

    Noah lists the intervening obstacle between Rena and Soto on Card B. Which is it?

    • The drought in Rena, because it makes staying harder and so gets in the way of a normal family life
    • Soto's wages, 40% higher than Rena's, because they are a feature of the destination that a family must weigh
    • The factory closing, because it blocks workers from earning and so stands between them and Soto
    • The cost of a ticket, a month's wages in Rena, and the 2 days on the road