Rivers, watersheds and groundwater, and who uses the water
Grade 9 Social Studies Worksheet - Building Confidence
Circle the best answer.
Read this first
Use this
Card A. Two maps of the Ohio River watershed. Map 1 (rivers): the Ohio River runs 981 miles southwest from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, where it joins the Mississippi. Smaller streams flow into it from both sides, including from West Virginia. Map 2 (watershed): a red line traces the edge of the land that drains to the Ohio, about 204,000 square miles (USGS). Key: thick blue line = main river; thin blue line = stream flowing in; red line = watershed edge (divide). Card B. Terms, in our words. A watershed, or drainage basin, is all the land whose water drains to one river. A divide is the high ground that separates one watershed from the next. A tributary is a stream that flows into a larger river.
A ridge separates Mill Creek’s valley from a valley that drains to a different river system. What is the ridge, Bo asks?
- A watershed, since it collects the rain falling on both of its sides
- A divide, and it forms part of the red line on Map 2
- A tributary, since rain runs off it into both of the valleys beside it
- A divide, but one inside the watershed, since it lies between two creeks
Esme says the Ohio watershed is the strip of land within a few miles of the river. What does Map 2 show instead?
- A strip along the 981 miles of the river, wider near Pittsburgh than near Cairo
- The states the river touches, outlined in red, whatever the land drains to
- All the land that drains to the Ohio, about 204,000 square miles
- The river and its tributary channels together, drawn as thick and thin blue lines
Use this
Card A. Two maps of the Ohio River watershed. Map 1 (rivers): the Ohio River runs 981 miles southwest from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, where it joins the Mississippi. Smaller streams flow into it from both sides, including from West Virginia. Map 2 (watershed): a red line traces the edge of the land that drains to the Ohio, about 204,000 square miles (USGS). Key: thick blue line = main river; thin blue line = stream flowing in; red line = watershed edge (divide). Card C. Three towns (made up for practice). Birch lies on the Ohio just below Pittsburgh. Cove lies on the Ohio near Cairo. Alder lies in West Virginia on Mill Creek, a stream that joins the Ohio between Birch and Cove. On Monday a tank at Birch spills a harmless dye into the Ohio.
The dye is spilled at Birch on Monday. Which town on the cards will the dye reach along the Ohio, Jun asks?
- Cove, which lies downstream toward Cairo
- Alder and Cove, since both lie inside the red line on Map 2
- Neither, since a harmless dye is carried off by the current and vanishes
- Alder, since Mill Creek is part of the Ohio’s watershed and drains to it
Use this
Card A. Two maps of the Ohio River watershed. Map 1 (rivers): the Ohio River runs 981 miles southwest from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, where it joins the Mississippi. Smaller streams flow into it from both sides, including from West Virginia. Map 2 (watershed): a red line traces the edge of the land that drains to the Ohio, about 204,000 square miles (USGS). Key: thick blue line = main river; thin blue line = stream flowing in; red line = watershed edge (divide). Card B. Terms, in our words. A watershed, or drainage basin, is all the land whose water drains to one river. A divide is the high ground that separates one watershed from the next. A tributary is a stream that flows into a larger river. Card C. Three towns (made up for practice). Birch lies on the Ohio just below Pittsburgh. Cove lies on the Ohio near Cairo. Alder lies in West Virginia on Mill Creek, a stream that joins the Ohio between Birch and Cove. On Monday a tank at Birch spills a harmless dye into the Ohio.
Alder is in the Ohio watershed, yet the dye does not reach Alder. How can both be true, Kira asks?
- They cannot both be true: a town in a watershed receives what enters its river
- Alder lies outside the red line, so the dye cannot reach it
- Alder drains to the Ohio, but the dye moves down the Ohio, not up the creek
- Mill Creek flows toward Pittsburgh, so its water meets the dye first
Use this
Card A. Two maps of the Ohio River watershed. Map 1 (rivers): the Ohio River runs 981 miles southwest from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, where it joins the Mississippi. Smaller streams flow into it from both sides, including from West Virginia. Map 2 (watershed): a red line traces the edge of the land that drains to the Ohio, about 204,000 square miles (USGS). Key: thick blue line = main river; thin blue line = stream flowing in; red line = watershed edge (divide). Card C. Three towns (made up for practice). Birch lies on the Ohio just below Pittsburgh. Cove lies on the Ohio near Cairo. Alder lies in West Virginia on Mill Creek, a stream that joins the Ohio between Birch and Cove. On Monday a tank at Birch spills a harmless dye into the Ohio.
Rain falls on a hill in West Virginia on Mill Creek’s side of a divide. Where can that water go, Luz asks?
- Into the Ohio, where it stays, since the Ohio is where the river system ends
- Down Mill Creek into the Ohio, and on to the Mississippi at Cairo
- Up to Pittsburgh, where the Ohio begins, and then down the river
- Over the divide, to a river outside the Ohio’s watershed
Use this
Card A. Two maps of the Ohio River watershed. Map 1 (rivers): the Ohio River runs 981 miles southwest from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, where it joins the Mississippi. Smaller streams flow into it from both sides, including from West Virginia. Map 2 (watershed): a red line traces the edge of the land that drains to the Ohio, about 204,000 square miles (USGS). Key: thick blue line = main river; thin blue line = stream flowing in; red line = watershed edge (divide).
Which unit fits the size of the Ohio watershed on Map 2, and why, Milo asks?
- Miles, since the Ohio is measured in miles and the watershed follows it
- Miles of divide, since the red line is the edge that defines the watershed
- Cubic miles, since a watershed holds the water that drains through it
- Square miles, since the size of an area of land is measured in area units
Use this
Card A. Two maps of the Ohio River watershed. Map 1 (rivers): the Ohio River runs 981 miles southwest from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, where it joins the Mississippi. Smaller streams flow into it from both sides, including from West Virginia. Map 2 (watershed): a red line traces the edge of the land that drains to the Ohio, about 204,000 square miles (USGS). Key: thick blue line = main river; thin blue line = stream flowing in; red line = watershed edge (divide). Card B. Terms, in our words. A watershed, or drainage basin, is all the land whose water drains to one river. A divide is the high ground that separates one watershed from the next. A tributary is a stream that flows into a larger river.
Why is the red line on Map 2 called a divide, Pia asks?
- It splits the Ohio itself into an upper half and a lower half along its length
- It marks the point where the Ohio meets the Mississippi at Cairo
- It follows high ground; water inside drains to the Ohio, water outside elsewhere
- It divides one state from the next along the river, as a border would
Use this
Card A. Two maps of the Ohio River watershed. Map 1 (rivers): the Ohio River runs 981 miles southwest from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, where it joins the Mississippi. Smaller streams flow into it from both sides, including from West Virginia. Map 2 (watershed): a red line traces the edge of the land that drains to the Ohio, about 204,000 square miles (USGS). Key: thick blue line = main river; thin blue line = stream flowing in; red line = watershed edge (divide).
Ren writes: “Water from Pittsburgh reaches the Mississippi.” Does Card A support that?
- No: the Ohio is a tributary, so its water stays inside its own watershed
- Yes: the Ohio runs from Pittsburgh to Cairo and joins the Mississippi
- Yes, since the divide at Cairo carries water from Pittsburgh to the Mississippi
- No: the card gives no travel time, so the claim cannot be judged
Use this
Card A. Two maps of the Ohio River watershed. Map 1 (rivers): the Ohio River runs 981 miles southwest from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, where it joins the Mississippi. Smaller streams flow into it from both sides, including from West Virginia. Map 2 (watershed): a red line traces the edge of the land that drains to the Ohio, about 204,000 square miles (USGS). Key: thick blue line = main river; thin blue line = stream flowing in; red line = watershed edge (divide). Card C. Three towns (made up for practice). Birch lies on the Ohio just below Pittsburgh. Cove lies on the Ohio near Cairo. Alder lies in West Virginia on Mill Creek, a stream that joins the Ohio between Birch and Cove. On Monday a tank at Birch spills a harmless dye into the Ohio.
Tala’s note says: “Mill Creek is the source of the Ohio.” Which fix is right?
- Change it: Alder is the source, since it is at the top of the watershed
- Change it: the Ohio has no single start, since many streams flow into it
- Leave it: a stream that flows into a river is that river’s source
- Change it: Mill Creek is a tributary; Card A starts the Ohio at Pittsburgh
A reporter asks whether the Birch spill also reaches Pittsburgh. What does Card A support, Zee asks?
- No, since the spill is harmless and ends before the next city
- No: Pittsburgh lies upstream, and the Ohio flows away from it
- Yes, since rivers carry water in both directions along their length
- Yes, since Pittsburgh is in the same watershed as Birch