After the war: the United Nations, human rights and rebuilding Europe

Grade 10 Social Studies Worksheet - Challenge Me

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Use this

   Card A (1945 to 1946): "The Nuremberg tribunal". Who made it: France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. For whom: the world, and the defendants. Why: to try leading Nazi officials in a fair trial. Summary in our words, not a quotation: Prosecutors charged 24 leading Nazi officials, and 22 stood trial. The four charges were conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Prosecutors used the word genocide, but the judges did not adopt it in their verdict. Context (what else was happening): The tribunal opened six and a half months after Germany surrendered. Limits (what this source cannot tell us): It tried 22 top leaders. It cannot show everyone who took part in the crimes. Card B (December 9, 1948): "The Genocide Convention". Who made it: the United Nations. For whom: the world's governments. Why: to make genocide a crime under international law. Summary in our words, not a quotation: The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide made genocide an international crime. The word had been coined in 1942 by the lawyer Raphael Lemkin. Context (what else was happening): Three years after the Nuremberg tribunal, where the word genocide was not used in the verdict. Limits (what this source cannot tell us): It makes a law. It cannot show whether countries would act on it. Card C (December 10, 1948): "Universal Declaration of Human Rights". Who made it: the UN General Assembly. For whom: all peoples and all nations. Why: to set a common standard of human rights for everyone. Summary in our words, not a quotation: Proclaimed in Paris the day after the Genocide Convention. It set out, for the first time, basic rights to be protected for everyone. Context (what else was happening): Written by representatives from every region of the world. Limits (what this source cannot tell us): It is a standard, not a court ruling. Below the strip: Card summaries are in our words, from USHMM and the United Nations.

3. 1.

   By card A, how many defendants stood trial at Nuremberg, Ari asks?

   • 24
   • 12
   • 4
   • 22
4. 2.

   Who set up the tribunal, by card A, Bo asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • The new German government
   • The UN General Assembly, at its Paris meeting
   • France, the Soviet Union, the UK and the US
   • The 12 NATO countries
5. 3.

   Which of these is one of card A's four charges, Esme asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • Blocking Berlin
   • Genocide, as a separate charge
   • Breaking the UN Charter
   • Crimes against humanity
6. 4.

   By card A, was the word genocide in the judges' verdict, Jun asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • Yes; the judges adopted it
   • No; only prosecutors used it
   • Yes; it was the first charge
   • No; the word did not exist yet
7. 5.

   Why does card B's context matter, Luz asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • The Convention came before Nuremberg
   • The UN had not yet begun
   • Genocide was already a crime in international law in 1945
   • The verdict had left genocide unnamed as a crime
8. 6.

   How is card C different from card B, Milo asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • They are the same document
   • Card C came a year earlier
   • Card C sets a standard; card B makes a law
   • Card C was signed by the four powers of 1945
9. 7.

   How many days apart were cards B and C, Noah asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • 1 day
   • No days; same day
   • 1 year
   • 10 days
10. 8.

    By card A's limits box, what can the tribunal not show Pia?

    Use the picture in question 1.

    • When the tribunal opened
    • Which charges the prosecutors brought
    • How many stood trial
    • Everyone who took part in the crimes
11. 9.

    A note says, 'The Declaration of 1948 is a court ruling.' What fix does Ren make?

    Use the picture in question 1.

    • It is a standard, not a court ruling
    • Keep the note; it is right
    • Say that card A is the Declaration instead
    • Change 1948 to 1946
12. 10.

    Which claim uses all three cards carefully, Tala asks?

    Use the picture in question 1.

    • After the war, new laws and standards tried to protect people
    • The tribunal tried each Nazi official in Germany
    • The Convention came before the war
    • These three documents ended wars around the whole world after 1948