After the war: the United Nations, human rights and rebuilding Europe

Grade 10 Social Studies Worksheet

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Use this

   Card A (March 1948): "The Marshall Plan (Economic Cooperation Act)". Who made it: the US Congress. For whom: the countries of Western Europe. Why: to rebuild Western Europe's economies. Summary in our words, not a quotation: Funding eventually rose to over $12 billion for rebuilding Western Europe. The plan was applied solely to Western Europe, without the Soviet Bloc. Context (what else was happening): Europe was ravaged by war, its economies worsened in the winter of 1946-1947, and US leaders feared Communist expansion. Limits (what this source cannot tell us): It is a US law. It does not show how Europeans saw the aid. Card B (June 1948 to May 1949): "The Berlin airlift". Who made it: the United States and the United Kingdom. For whom: the people of West Berlin. Why: to bring food and fuel to West Berlin by air. Summary in our words, not a quotation: Soviet forces had blocked rail, road and water access to the Allied-held parts of Berlin. Planes flew in food and fuel until the Soviets lifted the blockade on May 12, 1949. Context (what else was happening): The Western Allies were planning a new German state from their zones. Limits (what this source cannot tell us): It tells the Western side's actions; it does not give the Soviet leaders' own reasons. Card C (1949): "The North Atlantic Treaty". Who made it: 12 countries: the United States, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United Kingdom. For whom: its members and the Soviet Union. Why: to give collective security against the Soviet Union. Summary in our words, not a quotation: The members agreed to treat an attack against one as an attack against all. The treaty created NATO. Context (what else was happening): It came during the Berlin blockade, a year after five Western European countries signed the Brussels Treaty. Limits (what this source cannot tell us): It is a promise to defend each other. It cannot show whether it would ever be used. Below the strip: Card summaries are in our words, from the US State Department's Office of the Historian.

3. 1.

   By card A, how much did the Marshall Plan's funding rise to, Ari asks?

   • Over $12 billion
   • Over $1.2 billion
   • Over $120 billion
   • Over $1,948 billion
4. 2.

   By card A, which countries did the Marshall Plan aid, Bo asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • The Soviet Bloc countries
   • The countries of Western Europe
   • Each country in Europe and Asia
   • Just the United Kingdom
5. 3.

   By card A's context box, why did US leaders want the plan, Esme asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • Europe was ravaged and they feared Communism spreading
   • NATO had asked for money
   • The Berlin blockade had ended
   • Europe had grown rich during the war
6. 4.

   When did the Soviet blockade of West Berlin begin, by the strip, Jun asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • June 5, 1947
   • June 24, 1948
   • March 12, 1947
   • May 12, 1949
7. 5.

   How long did the blockade last, from June 1948 to May 1949, Luz asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • About 11 years
   • About 11 months
   • About 21 months
   • About 1 month
8. 6.

   On card C, what does collective security mean, Milo asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • Each country defends itself alone
   • Food flown into a city
   • Money to rebuild factories
   • An attack on one is an attack on all
9. 7.

   By card C's context box, what was happening when NATO was formed, Pia asks?

   Use the picture in question 1.

   • The Marshall speech at Harvard
   • The end of the Cold War
   • The founding of the UN
   • The Berlin blockade
10. 8.

    By card B's limits box, what can card B not give Ren?

    Use the picture in question 1.

    • What the planes carried
    • The Soviet leaders' own reasons
    • When the blockade ended
    • Who ran the airlift
11. 9.

    How do cards A to C show Europe dividing, Tala asks?

    Use the picture in question 1.

    • Aid, the blockade and NATO split East from West
    • They show the Soviets joining NATO
    • They show the end of the UN
    • They show Europe uniting under one government
12. 10.

    How many years passed from the Truman speech (1947) to the North Atlantic Treaty (1949), Zee asks?

    Use the picture in question 1.

    • 12 years
    • 1 year
    • 3,896 years
    • 2 years