Africa's independence movements

Grade 10 Social Studies Worksheet - Building Confidence

Circle the best answer.

1. Read this first

   Use this

   Cards A to D. Card A, a summary in our words, written today, from the State Department's Office of the Historian: About three dozen new states appeared in Asia and Africa between 1945 and 1960. There was no single process: some European governments welcomed new relationships, while others contested decolonization militarily. Colonial boundaries divided ethnic and language groups. Card B, a table of dates in our words, from the Office of the Historian and Encyclopaedia Britannica: Ghana, formerly the Gold Coast, became independent from Britain on March 6, 1957. Cameroon followed on January 1, 1960, the Congo on June 30, Senegal on August 20 and Nigeria on October 1. Tanganyika became independent on December 9, 1961. Algeria, under French rule from 1830, won independence in 1962 after a war of about eight years. Kenya became independent on December 12, 1963. Card C, a summary in our words, written today, from the United Nations: In 1945 some 750 million people, nearly a third of the world, lived in dependent territories. About 80 former colonies have become independent since the UN was created. Card D, two counts in our words: The Library of Congress says 17 countries gained independence in 1960. A United Nations film archive says 16 of the 17 new UN members of 1960 came from Africa.

2. 1.

   Card B dates Ghana to 1957, four countries to 1960, Tanganyika to 1961 and Kenya to 1963. Ari says independence came to Africa in 1960. What does card B support?

   • The wave began in 1960, since Ghana's date of 1957 belongs to an earlier and separate story
   • A cluster of four in 1960, but Ghana in 1957 and Kenya in 1963 show a spread over years
   • Independence came in 1960, since four dated countries gained it that year and no others are named
   • Clusters mean nothing, since four countries in a year could be chance and show no wave
3. 2.

   Bo says Ghana's independence in 1957 started the wave of 1960. What do the dates in card B allow?

   • Ghana came first by almost three years, which fits an example but does not show it caused the wave
   • They show Ghana caused the wave, since four countries gained independence after it did
   • They show Ghana was the first African country to gain independence, since 1957 is the earliest date
   • They rule out any link, since three years is too long for an example to matter to others
4. 3.

   Card B: Algeria won independence in 1962 after a war of about eight years under French rule. Esme says Ghana and Algeria followed the same path. What fits?

   • Ghana's path included a war too, since card B lists it among the earliest independent states
   • They followed the same path, since both ended colonial rule and both appear in the same table
   • Card A says no single process, and card B names a war only for Algeria, so the paths differ
   • Algeria's path was shorter, since its independence came in 1962 and Ghana's came in 1957
5. 4.

   Kira says 16 of 17 means 16 African countries gained independence in 1960. What does the UN count measure?

   • Countries that gained independence in 1960, since the film archive is about that single year
   • Countries that left the UN in 1960, since the count is of changes in membership that year
   • New members of the UN, 16 African; independence and membership can fall in different years
   • African countries in the UN before 1960, since 16 of 17 is a share of existing members
6. 5.

   Luz must cite the 1960 figures in a report. Which wording is best?

   • Sixteen African countries gained independence in 1960, and the Library of Congress count is wrong
   • About sixteen or seventeen countries gained independence, since the two sources are probably one count
   • The Library of Congress counts 17 countries gaining independence; the UN, 16 African new members
   • Seventeen African countries gained independence and joined the UN in 1960, as both sources show
7. 6.

   Card A: some European governments welcomed new relationships and others contested decolonization militarily. Milo asks which fact in card B illustrates the second.

   • Algeria won independence in 1962 after a war of about eight years under French rule
   • Ghana became independent from Britain in 1957, since it was the first date in the table of card B
   • Nigeria became independent on October 1, 1960, since a day and month are given for it
   • Kenya became independent in 1963, since it was the last date in the table of card B
8. 7.

   Card A says some governments "welcomed new relationships." Noah says that shows independence was freely given. What does the card support?

   • These governments caused independence, since they are named as the actors in the card
   • Some governments welcomed new relationships, but the card does not say the choice was free
   • Nothing about these governments, since the card speaks of Asia and Africa in general terms
   • Independence was freely given, since a government that welcomes a relationship has chosen it
9. 8.

   Card C: in 1945 about 750 million people, nearly a third of the world, lived in dependent territories. Ren says a third of Africans were colonized. What fits?

   • Nearly the whole of Africa, since the figure shows how widespread dependence was in the world
   • A third of Asians, since Asia had most of the dependent people in the world in 1945
   • A third of Africans, since Africa had the largest number of dependent territories in 1945
   • The third is of the world's people in dependent territories, not of Africans or of Africa
10. 9.

    Card C: about 80 colonies independent since the UN began. Card A: about three dozen new states by 1960. Tala says about 44 came after 1960. What does the arithmetic allow?

    • Exactly 44 came after 1960, since 80 minus 36 gives the number that followed the year 1960
    • About 44 came before 1960, since 80 minus 36 counts the earlier years of the period
    • No figure can be found, since a count of states and a count of colonies are unrelated
    • About 44 is rough: two rounded counts that cover different spans and regions
11. 10.

    Card A says there was no single process. Zee asks which question the cards best help answer.

    • Why each colony became independent in the same decade, since the cards date many to 1960
    • How the path to independence differed from place to place, from welcomed change to war
    • Which European country was kindest to its colonies, since card A names welcoming governments
    • How many Africans lived under colonial rule in 1960, since card C gives a figure for people