The cell membrane: a selective barrier
Grade 9 Science Worksheet - Challenge Me
Circle the best answer.
Read this first
Use the table
Lab card (model data) and drawing, not to scale. A lab-made bilayer had 20 particles of each kind placed on one side. The card gives the count that reached the far side. Version 1: the bilayer alone. Version 2: the bilayer with channel proteins built for sodium ions.
Particle Version 1 (bilayer alone) Version 2 (with sodium channel proteins) oxygen molecules 18 18 carbon dioxide molecules 17 17 sodium ions 1 15 Drawing: letter K points to a channel protein that reaches all the way across the bilayer, with a tunnel shaped to fit sodium ions. The test was read about only: a teacher ran it, and no one handled the lab-made bilayer.
Bo reads a teacher’s lab card and the drawing of protein K. Which conclusion do the card and drawing support?
- Oxygen crosses the bilayer alone, but sodium ions cross far better through K
- Neither oxygen nor sodium ions can cross without a protein’s help
- Sodium ions slip through the bilayer alone just as easily as oxygen
- The sodium channel proteins also helped oxygen cross the bilayer
The test was read about only: a teacher ran it, and no one handled the lab-made bilayer. Luz reads a lab card for a plain bilayer and a bilayer with glucose carriers. Which explanation fits the potassium ions row?
- About the same, because the membrane is a solid wall in both versions
- About the same, because the carriers fit glucose, not potassium ions
- About the same, because carrier proteins help gases, not sugars or ions
- About the same, because ions cross the plain bilayer as easily as gases
Use the table
Lab card (model data) and drawing, not to scale. A lab-made bilayer had 20 particles of each kind placed on one side. The card gives the count that reached the far side. Version 1: the bilayer alone. Version 2: the bilayer with protein K and protein L added.
Particle Version 1 (bilayer alone) Version 2 (with K and L) oxygen molecules 18 18 sodium ions 1 15 glucose molecules 1 13 Drawing: letter K points to a protein that reaches all the way across the bilayer with a tunnel shaped to fit sodium ions. Letter L points to a protein that reaches all the way across the bilayer, shaped like a cup that fits glucose and changes shape when it binds one. The test was read about only: a teacher ran it, and no one handled the lab-made bilayer.
Noah uses the card and drawing. Which protein explains why more glucose crossed in version 2, and how does it work?
- L, a carrier that binds glucose and changes shape
- No protein, because glucose slips between the tails over time
- K, a channel that forms an open tunnel for glucose
- L, a surface protein that attracts glucose from above
Use the table
Lab card (model data), not to scale. A lab-made bilayer had 100 water molecules and 100 oxygen molecules placed on one side. The card gives the count that reached the far side after 1 minute. Version 1: the bilayer alone. Version 2: the bilayer with aquaporins added.
Particle Version 1 (bilayer alone) Version 2 (with aquaporins) water molecules 5 80 oxygen molecules 90 90 The test was read about only: a teacher ran it, and no one handled the lab-made bilayer.
Water molecules are small, yet Esme’s lab card shows far more crossed once aquaporins were added. Which explanation fits?
- Aquaporins are channel proteins that let water pass at a very high rate
- Aquaporins pushed water across the bilayer by using up some of the cell’s ATP energy
- Water crosses a bilayer freely, so the proteins made no difference
- Aquaporins turned the bilayer into a thinner solid wall for water
Channel proteins were added, yet Pia’s card shows the carbon dioxide count did not change. Which explanation fits?
- Any particle crosses a bilayer freely, so proteins make no difference
- Carbon dioxide is charged, so the new proteins repelled it
- Carbon dioxide crossed through the new proteins in both versions
- Carbon dioxide has no charge and slips through the lipid middle, so it needs no protein
Use this
Membrane drawing of an animal cell (model, not to scale). A strip of phospholipids with watery fluid outside the cell above and watery fluid inside the cell below. The round heads touch the fluids and the thin tails meet in the middle. Letter K points to a protein that reaches all the way across the strip. Small arrows beside the strip show that the phospholipids and the protein move a little relative to one another.
Kira’s notes say the cell membrane is a solid wall that never changes. Which correction fixes the notes?
- It is a solid wall, but its proteins rest on the surface of the bilayer
- It is a solid wall, but its tails face the fluid
- It is a fluid mosaic: its lipids and proteins float and move
- It is fluid, so any molecule passes through it freely
Membrane drawing (model, not to scale). No proteins are drawn. Milo’s notes say oxygen cannot cross a bilayer unless a channel protein is present. Which correction fixes the notes?
- Oxygen needs a carrier protein, not a channel protein, to cross
- Oxygen crosses because the membrane is open to any molecule
- Oxygen has no charge, so it slips through the lipid middle with no protein
- Oxygen cannot cross, but sodium ions slip through the lipid tails of the bilayer alone
“model, not to scale” Tala’s notes say sodium ions slip between the tails, so channel protein K is just extra. Which correction fixes the notes?
- Sodium ions need a protein because the membrane is one solid wall around the cell
- Sodium ions need no protein, but glucose molecules do
- Sodium ions meet the tails first, because tails face the fluid
- Sodium ions are charged and repelled by the tails, so they need a protein
Use this
Membrane drawing (model, not to scale). A bilayer of phospholipids with watery fluid outside the cell above and watery fluid inside the cell below. Letter M points to a protein that reaches all the way across the bilayer, with a tunnel shaped to fit chloride ions. Outside the cell: 4 oxygen molecules and 4 chloride ions.
Zee must pick the best claim, with its reason, about oxygen molecules and chloride ions near this bilayer.
- Both cross alone, because the bilayer is open to any particle
- Neither crosses alone, because the cell controls entry with proteins
- Oxygen crosses alone and chloride needs a protein, because chloride has a charge
- Chloride crosses alone and oxygen needs a protein, because ions are small
Ari reads that this animal cell lives in cold conditions. Which claim about cholesterol, with its reason, fits the drawing?
- Cholesterol marks the cell in the cold, because it carries sugar chains
- Cholesterol helps the membrane stay fluid in the cold, because it lies alongside the phospholipids
- Cholesterol lets ions cross in the cold, because it forms a tunnel
- Cholesterol makes the membrane a solid wall in the cold, because it fills the gaps