How the body defends itself: immunity, vaccines and antibiotics

Grade 9 Science Worksheet - Building Confidence

Circle the best answer.

1. 1.

   Ari reads a map of the body's defenses. Box X is the first line, a barrier at the body surface. What is box X?

   • Phagocytes, cells that engulf microbes
   • Memory cells, cells kept after a response
   • Antibodies, proteins that match one antigen
   • Skin and mucus, barriers at the body surface
2. 2.

   Bo reads the map of the body's defenses. Box Y holds second-line cells that engulf and digest microbes. What is box Y?

   • T cells, specific cells that act in minutes
   • B cells, cells that make antibodies
   • Skin and mucus, barriers at the body surface
   • Phagocytes, cells that engulf microbes
3. 3.

   Esme reads the map of the body's defenses. Phagocytes show antigen pieces to box Z, which then signals B cells. What is box Z?

   • Memory cells, cells kept after a response
   • T cells, cells that signal B cells
   • Skin and mucus, barriers at the body surface
   • Antibodies, proteins that fit any microbe
4. 4.

   Map of how a vaccine prepares the body (model, not to scale). Jun reads a map of how a vaccine prepares the body. B cells make the proteins in the blank box. What belongs in the blank box?

   • Phagocytes, cells that engulf microbes
   • Fever, a rise in body temperature
   • Antibodies, proteins that match an antigen
   • Skin and mucus, barriers at the body surface
5. 5.

   Map of the body's defenses (model, not to scale). Kira reads the map of the body's defenses. A microbe that gets past skin and mucus meets the blank box, which calls in phagocytes. What belongs there?

   • Inflammation and fever, second-line responses
   • Memory cells, cells kept after a response
   • T cells, cells that signal B cells
   • Antibodies, proteins that match one antigen

6. Read this first

   Use this

   Two maps (model data, not to scale) of antibody levels after a second exposure to the same microbe, once memory cells have formed.

7. 6.

   Noah compares two maps of a second exposure to the same microbe. Which case matches how memory cells change the response?

   • Case 2, because memory cells give a faster, higher response
   • Case 1, because memory cells make the response slower
   • Case 1, because the response is the same each time
   • Case 2, because a faster, higher response needs a new microbe
8. 7.

   Pia compares two maps of an antibody meeting an antigen with a triangle tip. Which case shows an antibody that can bind it?

   • Case 1, because its notch matches the antigen's shape
   • Case 1, because both parts are drawn at the same height
   • Case 2, because a round notch grips better
   • Case 2, because any antibody can bind any antigen

9. Antibiotic card (CDC facts)

   kind of germ	what CDC says about antibiotics
   bacteria	can treat certain infections caused by bacteria
   viruses	do not work on the viruses that cause a cold or the flu

10. 8.

    Ren reads an antibiotic card. According to the card, do antibiotics work on the viruses that cause a cold or the flu?

    • Yes, they work on any kind of germ
    • No, they do not work on viruses
    • Yes, if they are taken for a longer time
    • Yes, on the cold but not on the flu
11. 9.

    Tala reads a graph of antibody level after a first and a second exposure to one microbe. Which exposure gave the higher level at day 7?

    • The first exposure
    • Both lines are level
    • Neither line has risen
    • The second exposure

12. Vaccine card (CDC facts)

    vaccine form	what it contains	active ingredient
    whole microbe	a weakened or inactivated microbe	an antigen
    pieces	bits of the microbe's outside or genetic material	an antigen
    toxin	a bacterial toxin made harmless	an antigen

13. 10.

    Zee reads a vaccine card. According to the card, what is the active ingredient in each form of vaccine?

    • Memory cells grown for the person
    • An antigen from the microbe
    • Ready-made antibodies for the microbe
    • An antibiotic that removes the virus