How the body defends itself: immunity, vaccines and antibiotics
Grade 9 Science Worksheet - Building Confidence
Circle the best answer.
Ari reads a map of the body's defenses. Box X is the first line, a barrier at the body surface. What is box X?
- Skin and mucus, barriers at the body surface
- Phagocytes, cells that engulf microbes
- Antibodies, proteins that match one antigen
- Memory cells, cells kept after a response
Map of how a vaccine prepares the body (model, not to scale). Jun reads a map of how a vaccine prepares the body. B cells make the proteins in the blank box. What belongs in the blank box?
- Phagocytes, cells that engulf microbes
- Antibodies, proteins that match an antigen
- Skin and mucus, barriers at the body surface
- Fever, a rise in body temperature
Map of the body's defenses (model, not to scale). Kira reads the map of the body's defenses. A microbe that gets past skin and mucus meets the blank box, which calls in phagocytes. What belongs there?
- Antibodies, proteins that match one antigen
- Inflammation and fever, second-line responses
- T cells, cells that signal B cells
- Memory cells, cells kept after a response
Map of how a vaccine prepares the body (model, not to scale). Luz reads a map of how a vaccine prepares the body. Some B cells become the blank box, which stays after the response. What belongs there?
- Antibodies, proteins that B cells make
- Memory cells, cells that stay for next time
- Phagocytes, cells that engulf microbes
- Antigen pieces, parts of a microbe
Two maps (model, not to scale) of the order in which defenses act on a new microbe. Milo compares two maps of the order in which defenses act on a new microbe. Which case shows the usual order?
- Case Q, because antibodies are ready before any microbe arrives
- Case Q, because specific defenses are the fastest
- Case P, because barriers act first and antibodies take days
- Case P, because skin and mucus make the antibodies
Read this first
Use this
Two maps (model data, not to scale) of antibody levels after a second exposure to the same microbe, once memory cells have formed.
Noah compares two maps of a second exposure to the same microbe. Which case matches how memory cells change the response?
- Case 2, because a faster, higher response needs a new microbe
- Case 2, because memory cells give a faster, higher response
- Case 1, because memory cells make the response slower
- Case 1, because the response is the same each time
Pia compares two maps of an antibody meeting an antigen with a triangle tip. Which case shows an antibody that can bind it?
- Case 2, because a round notch grips better
- Case 1, because its notch matches the antigen's shape
- Case 1, because both parts are drawn at the same height
- Case 2, because any antibody can bind any antigen
Antibiotic card (CDC facts)
kind of germ what CDC says about antibiotics bacteria can treat certain infections caused by bacteria viruses do not work on the viruses that cause a cold or the flu Ren reads an antibiotic card. According to the card, do antibiotics work on the viruses that cause a cold or the flu?
- Yes, they work on any kind of germ
- Yes, if they are taken for a longer time
- Yes, on the cold but not on the flu
- No, they do not work on viruses
Tala reads a graph of antibody level after a first and a second exposure to one microbe. Which exposure gave the higher level at day 7?
- Neither line has risen
- The second exposure
- The first exposure
- Both lines are level
Vaccine card (CDC facts)
vaccine form what it contains active ingredient whole microbe a weakened or inactivated microbe an antigen pieces bits of the microbe's outside or genetic material an antigen toxin a bacterial toxin made harmless an antigen Zee reads a vaccine card. According to the card, what is the active ingredient in each form of vaccine?
- Ready-made antibodies for the microbe
- An antigen from the microbe
- An antibiotic that removes the virus
- Memory cells grown for the person