How the body defends itself: immunity, vaccines and antibiotics
Grade 9 Science Worksheet - Building Confidence
Circle the best answer.
Ari reads a map of the body's defenses. Box X is the first line, a barrier at the body surface. What is box X?
- Memory cells, cells kept after a response
- Skin and mucus, barriers at the body surface
- Phagocytes, cells that engulf microbes
- Antibodies, proteins that match one antigen
Bo reads the map of the body's defenses. Box Y holds second-line cells that engulf and digest microbes. What is box Y?
- Phagocytes, cells that engulf microbes
- B cells, cells that make antibodies
- Skin and mucus, barriers at the body surface
- T cells, specific cells that act in minutes
Esme reads the map of the body's defenses. Phagocytes show antigen pieces to box Z, which then signals B cells. What is box Z?
- Skin and mucus, barriers at the body surface
- T cells, cells that signal B cells
- Antibodies, proteins that fit any microbe
- Memory cells, cells kept after a response
Map of how a vaccine prepares the body (model, not to scale). Jun reads a map of how a vaccine prepares the body. B cells make the proteins in the blank box. What belongs in the blank box?
- Antibodies, proteins that match an antigen
- Phagocytes, cells that engulf microbes
- Skin and mucus, barriers at the body surface
- Fever, a rise in body temperature
Map of the body's defenses (model, not to scale). Kira reads the map of the body's defenses. A microbe that gets past skin and mucus meets the blank box, which calls in phagocytes. What belongs there?
- Memory cells, cells kept after a response
- T cells, cells that signal B cells
- Inflammation and fever, second-line responses
- Antibodies, proteins that match one antigen
Map of how a vaccine prepares the body (model, not to scale). Luz reads a map of how a vaccine prepares the body. Some B cells become the blank box, which stays after the response. What belongs there?
- Antigen pieces, parts of a microbe
- Phagocytes, cells that engulf microbes
- Memory cells, cells that stay for next time
- Antibodies, proteins that B cells make
Two maps (model, not to scale) of the order in which defenses act on a new microbe. Milo compares two maps of the order in which defenses act on a new microbe. Which case shows the usual order?
- Case Q, because specific defenses are the fastest
- Case P, because skin and mucus make the antibodies
- Case P, because barriers act first and antibodies take days
- Case Q, because antibodies are ready before any microbe arrives
Read this first
Use this
Two maps (model data, not to scale) of antibody levels after a second exposure to the same microbe, once memory cells have formed.
Noah compares two maps of a second exposure to the same microbe. Which case matches how memory cells change the response?
- Case 2, because a faster, higher response needs a new microbe
- Case 1, because the response is the same each time
- Case 2, because memory cells give a faster, higher response
- Case 1, because memory cells make the response slower
Antibiotic card (CDC facts)
kind of germ what CDC says about antibiotics bacteria can treat certain infections caused by bacteria viruses do not work on the viruses that cause a cold or the flu Ren reads an antibiotic card. According to the card, do antibiotics work on the viruses that cause a cold or the flu?
- No, they do not work on viruses
- Yes, if they are taken for a longer time
- Yes, they work on any kind of germ
- Yes, on the cold but not on the flu
Vaccine card (CDC facts)
vaccine form what it contains active ingredient whole microbe a weakened or inactivated microbe an antigen pieces bits of the microbe's outside or genetic material an antigen toxin a bacterial toxin made harmless an antigen Zee reads a vaccine card. According to the card, what is the active ingredient in each form of vaccine?
- Memory cells grown for the person
- Ready-made antibodies for the microbe
- An antibiotic that removes the virus
- An antigen from the microbe