The conditions for natural selection
Grade 9 Science Worksheet - Building Confidence
Circle the best answer.
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Petal colors of seedlings in one wildflower patch (model data)
petal color seedlings white 12 pink 18 purple 10 Ari counts the petal colors of seedlings in one wildflower patch. Which condition for natural selection does the table show?
- Inheritance: the seedlings match their parents in petal color
- Differential survival: pink seedlings survived better than white ones
- Overproduction: the patch made more seedlings than it can support
- Variation: the seedlings differ in petal color
One patch in one season (model data)
measure number seeds made 200 plants the patch has room and water for 20 Bo compares the seeds one patch makes with the plants it has room for. Which condition for natural selection does the table show?
- Differential reproduction: some plants made more seeds than others
- More offspring than can survive: 200 seeds, room for 20 plants
- Inheritance: the plants pass their traits to their seeds
- Variation: the seeds differ in a trait that can be counted
Petal color of 20 seedlings from each kind of parent plant (model data)
parent plants purple seedlings white seedlings purple-petaled 17 3 white-petaled 2 18 Esme compares seedlings with their parent plants. Which condition for natural selection explains why the seedlings tend to match their parents?
- Differential survival: purple seedlings survived better than white ones
- Acquired traits: parents pass on the petal color they gained from soil
- Inheritance: seedlings tend to match their parents' petal color
- Variation: the seedlings differ in petal color
Moths in a sooty woodland, per 100 moths (model data)
trait generation 1 generation 2 generation 3 dark moths 10 24 58 light moths 90 76 42 Jun reads a generation table for a sooty woodland. How many dark moths are there per 100 in generation 3?
- 42 per 100, the light moths in generation 3
- 58 per 100, the dark moths in generation 3
- 10 per 100, the dark moths in generation 1
- 24 per 100, the dark moths in generation 2
Finches on a model island, per 100 finches (model data)
trait generation 1 generation 2 generation 3 large-billed 30 42 60 small-billed 70 58 40 Kira reads a generation table for finches on a model island. Which trait became more common from generation 1 to generation 3?
- Large-billed: from 30 to 60 per 100 finches
- Small-billed: from 70 to 40 per 100 finches
- Small-billed: each finch's bill grew deeper, so fewer have small bills
- Neither trait: the total is 100 in each generation
Dark color in a moth population (model data)
question answer Is dark color passed from parent moths to their young? yes Is survival to breed higher in sooty woods? yes, for dark moths Milo reads a card on dark moth color. Which term names an inherited trait that raises survival and reproduction in the current environment?
- Variation: a difference that may or may not be inherited
- Fitness: how strong and large an individual is
- Mutation: a change in DNA that appears when a trait is needed
- Adaptation: an inherited trait that helps survival and reproduction
A rare form of a resistance gene in a bacteria sample (model data)
measure number of bacteria bacteria in the sample 10,000 bacteria carrying the rare form, tested before any antibiotic was added 4 Noah reads a card about a rare form of a gene in bacteria. What is the original source of a new allele such as this one?
- Mutation: a change in the DNA sequence of a gene
- Inheritance: copying DNA from parent to young creates new alleles
- Selection: sorting individuals by survival creates new alleles
- Need: the environment changes genes in individuals that need new traits
Two plants over one season (model data)
plant height in cm seedlings that survived to breed Plant P 30 12 Plant Q 45 3 Pia compares two plants. In natural selection, which plant has the higher fitness, and why?
- Plant Q: its height shows it is the fittest plant
- Plant P: more of its seedlings survived to breed
- Neither: both plants survived the season
- Plant Q: it is taller, so it is the stronger plant
A population and one finch (model data)
measure first value second value population average bill depth: generation 1 then generation 10 (mm) 9.0 9.6 one finch's bill depth: age 1 year then age 3 years (mm) 9.1 9.1 Tala reads model bill depths for a finch population and for one finch. What does the table show about change?
- Each finch's bill grew deeper, which raised the population's average
- Nothing changed, since the one finch had 9.1 mm both times
- The population's bills deepened because the finches needed deeper bills
- The population's average rose, while the one finch's bill stayed the same
Seeds from two sets of plants grown in the same poor soil (model data)
parent plants parent height (cm) offspring height (cm) grown in rich soil 60 30 grown in poor soil 30 30 Zee grows seeds from rich-soil plants and poor-soil plants in the same poor soil. What does the table show about the extra height?
- The rich-soil plants evolved extra height during their lives
- The extra height was inherited, so the offspring should be taller
- The extra height came from the soil and was not inherited
- Soil does not affect height, since the offspring match