The Declaration of Independence: its parts, its ideas and its complaints
Grade 8 Social Studies Worksheet - Building Confidence
Circle the best answer.
Read this first
Source A
The Declaration of Independence, approved by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. A Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as the main drafter, wrote it for King George III, Parliament, the colonists and "mankind". Capitals and punctuation are modernized; an ellipsis marks a cut. Excerpt 1, the opening: "When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another … a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation." Excerpt 2, the ideas: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." Excerpt 3, a complaint: "He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislatures."
Ari reads excerpt 2. According to the writers, where does a government get its just powers?
- From a pledge of loyalty that colonists swear to the crown
- From the king, who passes them down to each government
- From its duty to protect life, liberty and happiness
- From the agreement of the people it governs
Excerpt 3 says armies were kept 'in times of peace.' Bo asks why those words strengthen the complaint.
- With no war, the soldiers could not be defended as protection
- They show the colonists were asking for more soldiers to guard them
- They suggest the king was planning to attack the colonies
- They show the armies had already gone home when peace came
How do excerpts 2 and 3 fit together, Esme asks?
- Excerpt 3 states the main idea and excerpt 2 gives the example
- They are separate, because one is ideas and the other soldiers
- Excerpt 3 gives an example of power used without consent
- Both excerpts say governments may keep armies without consent
The opening mentions 'a decent respect to the opinions of mankind.' What does that suggest about the audience, Jun asks?
- King George III alone was meant to read the explanation
- Congress was asking other countries for soldiers and money
- People in other countries were meant to judge the reasons
- The writers already knew other countries would take their side
Use this
Source B: a timeline of 1775 to 1776, built from the National Archives account of how independence came about. April 1775: fighting breaks out at Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts. August 23, 1775: King George III declares the colonists to be in open rebellion. January 1776: Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense is printed and argues for independence. June 7, 1776: Richard Henry Lee asks Congress to declare the colonies free and independent states. June 11, 1776: Congress names a Committee of Five; Jefferson writes the first draft. July 2, 1776: Congress votes for independence. July 4, 1776: Congress approves the text of the Declaration. On the night of July 4: the printer John Dunlap prints about 200 copies to send out. Source B was written long after 1776, by archivists who were not there.
A classmate tells Kira that the Declaration started the war. Which fact on the timeline best answers that?
- Congress voted on July 2, two days before approving the text
- Lee's June 1776 request shows the colonists as a whole wanted independence
- The printer John Dunlap made about 200 copies on the night of July 4
- Fighting began in April 1775, over a year before the Declaration
Congress voted on July 2 but approved the text on July 4. What does that order show about the Declaration, Luz asks?
Use the picture in question 5.
- The text approved on July 4 is what made the July 2 vote possible
- The decision came first and the text then explained it
- July 2 and July 4 are two names for the same vote in Congress
- Independence did not count as decided until the text was approved
Common Sense came out in January 1776, after the fighting began. What does that order suggest, Milo asks?
Use the picture in question 5.
- Paine was answering the king's proclamation, which came afterward
- Paine's pamphlet caused the fighting at Lexington and Concord
- Arguments for independence spread after the war had begun
- Most colonists already wanted independence back in April 1775
Source B was written long after 1776 by archivists. How should Noah use it as evidence of what colonists felt in 1775?
Use the picture in question 5.
- Its dates are probably wrong because it was written later
- As proof of what the colonists as a group felt then
- Not usefully, because the archivists were not there themselves
- For dates and events, not for the colonists' own feelings
Source A
The Declaration of Independence, approved by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. A Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as the main drafter, wrote it for King George III, Parliament, the colonists and "mankind". Capitals and punctuation are modernized; an ellipsis marks a cut. Excerpt 1, the opening: "When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another … a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation." Excerpt 2, the ideas: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." Excerpt 3, a complaint: "He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislatures."
In excerpt 1, the 'causes which impel them to the separation.' Which word best fits 'impel' here, Pia asks?
- Push
- Allow
- Explain
- Delay
Why does the Declaration state its ideas (excerpt 2) before its complaint (excerpt 3), Tala asks?
- The ideas set a standard for judging each complaint
- The complaints had to come first to establish that the ideas are true
- Complaints are just opinions, so they must come last in a text
- The writers had not yet decided which complaints to include