Where does the reference come from?
Grade 9 Reading Worksheet
Circle the best answer.
Read this first
Sentence
“After the board voted on purpose to close the program, the principal knew it had ______; no committee could now undo the choice, and the district would follow wherever it led.”
Choices mean: crossed the Rubicon (Julius Caesar leads his army over a river in 49 BCE, breaking Roman law and starting a civil war); cut the Gordian knot (Alexander slices through a knot no one could untie); met its Waterloo (Napoleon suffers the defeat that ends his rule, 1815); won a Pyrrhic victory (King Pyrrhus beats the Romans but loses so many soldiers that it nearly ruins him).Ari picks the allusion that fits the gap. Which choice fits the situation and the writer’s meaning?
- cut the Gordian knot
- crossed the Rubicon
- won a Pyrrhic victory
- met its Waterloo
Sentence
“For two years the bell-schedule dispute had tangled four committees until the new superintendent ______ in one afternoon by scrapping every old rule and starting over.”
Choices mean: cut the Gordian knot (Alexander slices through a famous knot that no one could untie); crossed the Rubicon (Julius Caesar leads his army over a river, starting a civil war); met her Waterloo (Napoleon suffers the defeat that ends his rule); won a Pyrrhic victory (King Pyrrhus wins at a ruinous cost).Bo picks the allusion that fits the gap. Which choice fits the situation and the writer’s meaning?
- won a Pyrrhic victory
- crossed the Rubicon
- cut the Gordian knot
- met her Waterloo
Sentence
“The workers kept their jobs through the summer, but with the closing date hanging over them like ______, no one could enjoy the paycheck.”
Choices mean: the sword of Damocles (a man at a banquet sees a sword hanging by a single hair above his seat); the coming of a Waterloo (Napoleon’s final defeat, 1815); the line of the Rubicon (a river Caesar crossed to start a war); a Catch-22 of rules (a loop of rules that traps a person).Esme picks the allusion that fits the gap. Which choice fits the situation and the writer’s meaning?
- the sword of Damocles
- the coming of a Waterloo
- the line of the Rubicon
- a Catch-22 of rules
Sentence
“The camp director’s idea of a comfortable cabin was a ______ one: a single thin blanket, cold water, and a wooden bench.”
Choices mean: Spartan (from Sparta, the Greek state that trained its people to live plainly and bear hardship); Draconian (from Draco of Athens, who wrote very harsh laws); Lilliputian (from Lilliput, where the people are tiny); Machiavellian (from Machiavelli, who wrote about scheming rule).Jun picks the allusion that fits the gap. Which choice fits the situation and the writer’s meaning?
- Spartan
- Machiavellian
- Lilliputian
- Draconian
Passage
When the town unveiled its new library, the mayor cut the ribbon and called it the Alexandria of the Midwest. Nobody mentioned that the whole collection fit on six shelves.
Note: The ancient library at Alexandria, in Egypt, was famous for holding a vast number of scrolls.Kira reads the passage and the note. What does the allusion do in the passage?
- It tells the reader that the library holds many books, which supports the mayor’s claim.
- It sets a grand comparison beside the six shelves, so the mayor’s boast sounds inflated.
- It shows that the mayor is a scholar of ancient history.
- It shows that the town’s library will one day be lost, as Alexandria’s was.
Passage
During the budget meeting, Mr. Ames gazed out of the window; in his mind he was flying the company jet through a storm. His coworker whispered, “Walter Mitty is at it again.”
Note: In James Thurber’s story “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty” (1939), an ordinary man escapes dull moments by imagining himself a hero.Milo reads the passage and the note. What does the allusion do in the passage?
- It warns the reader that Mr. Ames will soon face a real storm on an actual flight.
- It tells the reader that Mr. Ames is a real pilot who flies the company jet each week for the firm.
- It shows Mr. Ames escaping dull moments into daydreams of heroism, in a teasing tone.
- It shows that Mr. Ames does his job badly and will soon be found out by his employer or the staff.
Passage
Senator Lopez called her bill a Marshall Plan for the countryside. Her opponent called it a gift to the same contractors who had failed before.
Note: After World War II, the United States gave billions of dollars to help rebuild the economies of Western Europe; the effort is called the Marshall Plan and is widely seen as a success.Noah reads the passage and the note. What does the allusion do in the passage?
- It ties a local bill to a famous rebuilding effort, so the bill seems large and likely to work.
- It shows that the senator wants to rebuild a countryside region damaged by a recent war and left in ruins.
- It tells the reader that the bill will be paid for by European countries after the war.
- It shows that the bill will succeed on a large scale, as the Marshall Plan did.
Source card (written by PencilGo)
In Dickens’s Hard Times (1854), Mr. Gradgrind runs a school where children are taught facts only and told to put imagination aside.
Sentence: “The new principal is a Gradgrind about the science fair: only charts and measurements, no stories or models, though even the students admit the projects have never been so accurate.”Pia reads the source card and the sentence. Which trait does the writer borrow, and with what attitude?
- Gradgrind’s school building, treated as a joke about the principal’s old and crowded office.
- Gradgrind’s kindness to children, treated with praise, because the principal supports the students.
- Gradgrind’s insistence on facts, treated with open scorn, since the projects have grown worse.
- Gradgrind’s insistence on facts and nothing else, treated as a limit, with grudging respect.
Source card (written by PencilGo)
Dr. Jekyll, in Robert Louis Stevenson’s 1886 novel, is a respected, gentle doctor. A potion lets him become Mr. Hyde, who is cruel. In time Jekyll can no longer control which of the two appears.
Sentence: “Our coach is a Jekyll and Hyde: patient in practice, snappish on game day, and nobody can predict which one will walk into the gym.”Tala reads the source card and the sentence. Which trait does the writer borrow, and with what attitude?
- Two opposite sides in one person, said with open admiration for the coach’s range of moods.
- A person who drinks a potion before each game, said as a harmless joke.
- Two opposite sides in one person that no one can predict, said with a wary half-joke.
- A respected person who hides a secret crime from the town, said with fear.
Source card (written by PencilGo)
In Joseph Heller’s novel Catch-22 (1961), a pilot may be excused from flying missions only if he is crazy. But anyone who asks to be excused shows good sense, so he must keep flying. Each rule loops back on itself.
Sentence: “The clerk wanted a signed lease before issuing the permit; the landlord would sign a lease only for a tenant with a permit. ‘Catch-22,’ the tenant sighed.”Zee reads the source card and the sentence. Which trait does the writer borrow, and with what attitude?
- A slow, paper-heavy process of forms and stamps, said with calm patience.
- Rules that loop back on each other, said with hope that the clerk will soon relent.
- Rules that loop back on each other and trap a person, said with weary frustration.
- A danger to pilots, said with fear for the tenant.